HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-591 BuberPaul Buber and Mike Mehalko
Controller's Office
Schuylkill County Court House
401 North Second Street
Pottsville, PA 17901
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 15, 1991
91 -591
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Employees of County
Controller's Office, Leave of Absence, Private Employment,
Business with which Associated, C.P.A. Firm Providing
Auditing Services to County.
Dear Messrs. Buber and Mehalko:
This responds to your letter of September 12, 1991, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon you as employees of
the Schuylkill County Controller's Office, with regard to
obtaining leaves of absence from your County employment to work
for an external Certified Public Accounting firm which would be
providing auditing services to the County.
Facts: You have jointly requested an advisory opinion from the
State Ethics Commission. As current employees of the Schuylkill
County Controller's Office, you were both successful in passing
the Certified Public Accountant examination. Each of you wishes
to obtain a license from the State Board of Accountancy, but in
order to obtain a valid license you must satisfy a one -year
experience requirement with a public accounting firm. You state
that your employer was supportive with regard to your endeavor.
Since the current agreement with an external accounting firm was
scheduled to expire, competitive proposals for auditing services
were solicited from various accounting firms. The solicitation
for competitive proposals included the following language, which
you have termed a "disclosure," regarding your quest for
experience:
Providing a temporary employment opportunity for two
individuals who are employed in the Controller's Office
and who are interested in satisfying the public
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 2
accounting experience requirement under Section 4 of
the CPA Law Act. The two individuals are to be
compensated at their effective hourly rate.
You specifically inquire whether the above "disclosure" is
ethical. You have submitted the relevant page of the
solicitation for proposals containing the above language, which
page is incorporated herein by reference.
In order to satisfy the experience requirement for obtaining
a valid CPA license, each of you would obtain a leave of absence
from your County employment to work for the external CPA firm.
You state that while you are employed by the external CPA firm,
you understand that you would be prohibited from working on the
County's engagement. Therefore, it is your intention to obtain
the experience by working with other clients. You further state
that you would be employed and be paid by the external CPA firm.
You would be abstaining from reviewing the proposals and you
would not be influencing the selection of the firm. Based upon
all of the above, you ask whether your intended methodology would
be acceptable and ethical.
Discussion: It is initially noted that you have not indicated
your present employment positions in the Schuylkill County
Controller's Office, nor have you provided copies of your job
descriptions, job classification specifications, or
organizational charts. Without such information, a conclusive
determination of your statuses as public officials /employees
cannot be reached. However, for purposes of this Advice, it
shall be assumed that both of you are public officials /employees
as defined under the Ethics Law, and hence that both of you are
subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 3
any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
or his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
instant matter, we note that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does
not prohibit public officials /employees from outside business
activities or employment; however, the public official /employee
may not use the authority of office for the advancement of his
own private pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he
is associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. A public
official /employee must exercise caution so that his private
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 4
business activities do not conflict with his public duties.
Crisci, Opinion 89 -013. Thus, a public official /employee could
not perform private business using governmental facilities or
personnel. In particular, the governmental telephones, postage,
staff, equipment, research materials, personnel or any other
property could not be used as a means, in whole or part, to carry
out private business activities. In addition, the public
official /employee could not during government working hours,
solicit or promote such business activity. Pancoe, supra.
In the event that your private employer or business has a
matter pending before your governmental body or if you as part of
such official duties must participate, review or pass upon that
matter, a conflict would exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. In
those instances, it will be necessary that you be removed from
that process.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain from participation as well as file a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In summary, the Ethics Law would restrict the following:
1. The use of authority of office to obtain any business
in a private capacity;
2. utilization of confidential information gained through
public position;
3. participating in discussions, reviews, or
recommendations on matters which relate to the business /private
employer which may come before the governmental body (In such
cases you must publicly announce the relationship or advise the
supervisor as well as file a written memorandum as per the
requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law, Brooks, Opinion
89 -023);
4. participating in discussions, reviews, or
recommendations on matters which directly relate to clients
privately served which may have been subject to the review,
approval or recommendation by the County; and
5. publicly announcing the relationship with such private
clients as to any plans or recommendations that may come before
the County for final or further review or approval together with
filing a written memorandum as per the requirements of Section
3(j) of the Ethics Law. Brooks, Opinion 89 -023.
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 5
Turning to your specific inquiries, your first inquiry as to
whether the "disclosure" set forth in the solicitation for
proposals is ethical, may not be addressed. The authority of the
Ethics Commission to issue an opinion /advice regarding a person's
duties under the Ethics Law is limited by statute, to those
persons who request it relative to their duties or to the
appointing authority of such persons or the employer of such
persons at the request of the appointing authority or employer.
Further, a reading of Section 7(10) and (11) of the Ethics Law
makes it clear that an opinion /advice may be given only as to
prospective (future) conduct. It would appear from your letter
of inquiry that the "disclosure" is the result of past conduct.
This Advice is based upon the assumption that neither of you had
any involvement in the inclusion of the "disclosure" in the
solicitation for proposals. It is further expressly assumed for
purposes of this Advice that neither of you had any involvement
in setting the criteria by which the CPA firm is to be selected,
nor with regard to aiding any CPA firm seeking the solicited
County work.
Turning to your second inquiry, conditioned upon the
assumptions set forth above, your prospective conduct of
obtaining a leave of absence from your County employment to work
for the external CPA firm to be chosen by the County in response
to its solicitation for competitive proposals for auditing
services would appear to be in conformity with the Ethics Law
subject to the following restrictions.
While employed by the CPA firm, you could not audit any of
your own work from the County, although other County auditing
functions unrelated to your work as a public official /employee
would be permissible. The CPA firm would be a business with
which you would be associated under the Ethics Law, during your
tenure with the CPA firm. Thus, as a public official /employee
you would have a conflict of interest as to the CPA firm and its
clients. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. This conflict of interest
would not preclude you from the intended employment with the CPA
firm during your leave of absence, but would restrict your
conduct as set forth above. Upon resuming your public duties,
you would be required to abstain as well as file a written
memorandum with your supervisor in each matter involving the CPA
firm and /or its clients. However, the conflict of interest would
not exist with regard to the CPA firm in matters wholly arising
after the termination of your service with the CPA firm where the
client (s) of the firm involved in such matter, if any, were not
clients of the firm during your employment with that firm.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 6
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the County Code and
any ethical codes of conduct which may pertain to the accounting
profession.
Conclusion: For purposes of this Advice it is assumed that
as employees of the Schuylkill County Controller's Office, you
are public officials /employees subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Law. This Advice is expressly conditioned upon the
assumptions that neither Paul Buber nor Mike Mehalko had any
involvement of any nature whatsoever in: including in the
County's solicitation for proposals the provision regarding
employment to these individuals for purposes of their obtaining
the requisite experience so that they may obtain licenses from
the State Board of Accountancy; setting the criteria by which the
County would select an external Certified Public Accounting firm
for auditing services; and /or aiding any Certified Public
Accounting firm to obtain work with the County. Subject to the
above conditions, and the restrictions and qualifications as
noted herein, the Ethics Law would not prohibit you from
obtaining a leave of absence from your County employment to work
for the external CPA firm chosen to do the County work. In the
event that the CPA firm and /or its client(s) have matters
pending before the County, then you could not participate in such
matters and the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the
Ethics Law as outlined above must be satisfied. However, you
would not have a conflict of interest in matters involving the
CPA firm which wholly arise following the termination of your
service with the CPA firm where the clients of the firm involved
in the matter, if any, were not clients of the firm during your
tenure with the CPA firm. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Paul Buber and Mike Mehalko
October 15, 1991
Page 7
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent . Dopko
Chief Counsel