HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-560 ReederMr. Harvey B. Reeder, Esq.
504 Penn Street
Huntingdon, PA 16652
Dear Mr. Reeder:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 16, 1991
91 -560
Re: Conflict, Grant Program, Participation by Public
Official /Employee, Borough Council Member, Borough Contract
with Department of Community Affairs, Borough Council
Member's Eligibility to Receive Monies under Contract for
Improvement of Real Estate
This responds to your letters of June 4, 1991, June 10,
1991, and June 13, 1991 in which you requested advice from the
State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Under the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law,
whether and under what terms and conditions a Borough Council
Member would be eligible to receive monies for improvement of his
real estate under a contract between the Borough and the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Community Affairs
whereby the Commonwealth will provide to the Borough as
contractor the sum of $75,000.00 for certain improvements of
facades of the downtown area where the Borough Council Member's
real estate is located.
Facts: The Borough of Mount Union is a municipality of
approximately 3,000 persons and is situated in an economically
depressed area of Central Pennsylvania. As Solicitor for the
Borough of Mount Union you seek the advice of the State Ethics
Commission regarding the eligibility of a Borough Council Member
to receive monies for improvement of his real estate under a
contract between the Borough of Mount Union and the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Department of Community Affairs. Under the
contract the Commonwealth will provide to the Borough as
contractor the sum of $75,000.00. The funds from this project
will be utilized for certain improvements of facades of the
downtown area of the Borough. At least one member of the Mount
Union Borough Council owns real estate in what has been
designated as the project area. You have submitted a copy of the
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 2
contract between the Borough and the Department of Community
Affairs which contract is incorporated herein by reference.
You state that while the contract would not specifically
preclude a member of the Borough Council from participating in
the project, there are certain "contractual integrity" provisions
that would require compliance. To ensure that there would be no
problems with conflict of interest, you ask the Ethics Commission
to issue a written opinion as to whether a Member of Borough
Council would be eligible to receive monies under this contract
for improvement of his real estate, and if so, under what terms
and conditions. You acknowledge that any dealings with a Member
of the Borough Council would have to be done in an open and
public process.
Discussion: Initially it is noted that your inquiry is only
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, regulation or other code of conduct or the
applicability of any "contractual integrity" provisions of the
contract between the Borough of Mount Union and the Department of
Community Affairs has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
As a Borough Council Member for the Borough of Mount Union,
the Borough Council Member is a "public official" as that term
is defined in the Ethics Law and hence he is subject to the
provisions of that Law. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1.
Sections 3(a) and 3(f) of the Ethics Law provide:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 3
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals
considered and contracts awarded. In such a
case, the public official or public employee
shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or
administration of the contract. Any contract
or subcontract made in violation of this
subsection shall be voidable by a court of
competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the
contract or subcontract.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on
a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce
and disclose the nature of his interest as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing
body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required
vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided
herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision,
where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest, and the
remaining two members of the governing body
have cast opposing votes, the member who has
abstained shall be permitted to vote to break
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 4
the tie vote if disclosure is made as
otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain as well as file a written memorandum
to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value or no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public . official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, .a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
or his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 5
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
Under the Ethics Law, we must observe the stated purpose of
that Act which is to strengthen the faith and confidence of
people in their government by assuring the public that the
financial interests of the holders of or candidates for public
office do not present a conflict with the public trust.
In applying the above quoted provisions of the Ethics Law to
the instant matter, we will first consider the provisions of
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law. Since the Mount Union Borough
Council is the government body with which the Council Member is
associated, Section 3(f) would apply in this case.
Assuming that a contract or sub- contract would be made
between the Borough Council Member and the Mount Union Borough
Council pursuant to the provisions of this Program, Section 3(f)
of the Ethics Law would impose the following requirements if the
contract or sub - contract is $500.00 or more:
1. prior public notice of the contract possibility;
2. public disclosure of applications and contracts
considered;
3. public disclosure of the award of the contracts; and
4. no supervisory or overall responsibility for the
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 6
implementation or administration of the contract or
sub- contract by the public official /employee.
We will now address the propriety of the proposed conduct
under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law. In this review, we note
and recognize the concern that arises where a public program,
funded with public monies and administered through a public
agency, political subdivision, or governmental body is also
available to public officials or employees of that agency or
governmental body. We recognize the public concern and
criticism that may arise if a public official or public employee
who serves a governmental body receives benefits under a program
of this nature.
It is clear that the Ethics Law, and in particular Section
3(a), was primarily designed to restrict the activity of a public
official or employee from using the authority of office for
private pecuniary benefit. However, we believe that as a general
rule the Ethics Law was not enacted nor should it be interpreted
to preclude public officials or employees from participating in
programs which might otherwise be available to them as citizens.
Wolff, Opinion 89 -030; Woodrina, Opinion 90 -001.
In order to insure that a public official or employee is not
in a conflict when he seeks to participate in a rehabilitation or
grant program, he must observe the following:
1. play no role in establishing the criteria under which the
program is to operate, particularly with reference to the
structure or administration of the program;
2. play no role in establishing or implementing the criteria by
which selections for program participation are to be made;
3. play no role in the process of selecting and reviewing
applicants or in awarding grants or funds;
4. use no confidential information acquired during the holding
of public office or public employment to apply for or to
obtain such funds, grants, etc., and
5. abstain, publicly disclose and file a memorandum with the
person responsible for recording the minutes under Section
3(j) of the Ethics Law in cases where the public official/
employee is associated with administering the grant or
rehabilitation program not only as to his own application
but as to similarly situated individuals with whom the
public official /employee might be competing for available
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 7
funds. In cases where Section 3(f) is applicable, the
public official /employee would be prohibited from any
supervisory or overall responsibility as to the contract or
program.
Through application of the above criteria, we seek to
eliminate the possibility that a public official /employee who is
seeking such funds or seeking to participate in these programs
would be in a position to insure that the grant funds or the
program benefits would be available for his own benefit. Thus, a
public official or public employee in such a situation should
refrain from participating in making decisions or recommendations
about the program and regarding distribution of the limited funds
which might be available as a result of such a program.
Expressly conditioned upon the assumption that the Borough
Council Member acts in conformance with the above criteria, the
Borough Council Member may apply for and participate in the
benefits associated with the Program.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the Borough Code or
the applicability of the "contractual integrity" provisions of
the contract between the Borough of Mount Union and the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Community Affairs.
Conclusion: As a Borough Council Member for the Borough of
Mount Union, the Borough Council Member is a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the
Ethics Law would not preclude the Borough Council Member from
receiving monies for improvement of his real estate located in
the designated project area under the contract between the
Borough of Mount Union and the Department of Community Affairs,
provided that the Borough Council. Member played no role in
establishing the criteria under which the program would operate;
played no role in implementing the criteria for selecting
applicants; played no role in selecting or reviewing applicants;
used no confidential information and finally had no involvement
with the administration of the program. The abstention and
disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law must be
observed. The requirements of Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law
noted above, to the extent applicable, must be complied with.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Harvey B. Reeder
July 16, 1991
Page 8
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code S2.12.
ncerely,
0 4
Vincent . Dopko,
Chief Counsel