HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-553 MartinMr. Aaron J. Martin
102 Redwood Lane
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Dear Mr. Martin:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 1, 1991
91 -553
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Chairman, Joint
Municipal Authority, Bidding on Property to be Sold by
Authority, Financing Purchase of Property to be Sold by
Authority.
This responds to your letter of May 9, 1991, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a Chairman of a
joint municipal authority with regard to purchasing or financing
the purchase of tracts of land to be sold by the Authority.
Facts: As Chairman of the Board of the Kennett Area Park
Authority, a joint municipal authority formed by the Borough of
Kennett Square and the Township of Kennett, in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, you seek the advice of the State Ethics Commission.
You have provided a map, history, and description of the future
Anson B. Nixon Park, which documents are incorporated herein.
Said documents describe the mission of the Authority to create a
public park by selling for development purposes certain tracts of
land adjacent to the planned park, and using the proceeds for
creation and endowment of the park.
The Authority is currently trying to sell three parcels
designated as "Future Development Areas B, C, and D" on the
incorporated map. You have submitted a copy of a letter dated
April 15, 1991, addressed to B &B Company from the Authority's Bid
Coordinator, which you state shows the Authority's effort to find
buyers for the tracts. The said letter is incorporated herein by
reference. This letter and enclosures went out to twenty local
developers and so far the Authority has received very little
response to this effort.
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Aaron J. Martin
You state your belief that these tracts of land have good
development potential when the park is built. You have done
considerable investing in land and question whether it would be
permissible under the Ethics Law for you to tender an offer to
buy the tracts, either personally or by a corporation in which
you are a principal shareholder. You acknowledge that you would
have to absent yourself from any discussion about the sale and
abstain from voting on it, and you would not expect your bid to
receive any special consideration.
Additionally, an independent developer with whom you have
had significant personal dealings in the past has indicated some
interest in owning tracts C and D. However this particular
developer is having difficulty obtaining the additional
financing to buy the tracts outright and he has asked you whether
you could loan him the necessary funds under normal terms to buy
the tracts. Because you are so anxious to have the tracts sold
so that the Authority may proceed with the park development, you
are willing to lend the funds or to co -sign at a lending
institution. You further state your belief that this developer
would do a fine job of developing the tracts in a manner
complimentary to the park. You inquire as to whether such a
transaction would be permissible under the Ethics Law as long as
it is divulged to the Board and you would take no part in the
discussion or vote.
Discussion: As Chairman of the Board of the Kennett Area Park
Authority, you are a public official as that term is defined
under the Ethics Law, and hence you are subject to the provisions
of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through
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Aaron J. Martin
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
or his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial
interest in a legal entity engaged in
business for profit which comprises more
than 5% of the equity of the business or more
than 5% of the assets of the economic
interest in indebtedness.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement
for the acquisition, use or disposal by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
consulting or other services or of supplies,
materials, equipment, land or other personal
or real property. "Contract" shall not mean
an agreement or arrangement between the State
or political subdivision as one party and a
public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense,
reimbursement, salary, wage, retirement or
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other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public
employment with the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals
considered and contracts awarded. In such a
case, the public official or public employee
shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or
administration of the contract. Any contract
or subcontract made in violation of this
subsection shall be voidable by a court of
competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the
contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or
where there appears to be no expressed prohibitions to such
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contracting, the above particular provision of law would require
that an open and public process must be used in all situations .
where a public official /employee is otherwise appropriately
contracting with his own governmental body in an amount of
$500.00 or more. This open and public process would require:
prior public notice of the employment or
contracting possibility;
sufficient time for a reasonable
competitor /applicant to be able to
present an application or proposal;
(3)
(4) public disclosure of the contract
offered and accepted.
public disclosure of all applications
considered and;
and prudent
prepare and
or. proposals
awarded and
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public
official /employee may not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to the implementation or administration of the
contract.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee, who in the discharge of his
official duties, would be required to vote on
a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce
and disclose the nature of his interest as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing
body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required
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vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided
herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision,
where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest, and the
remaining two members of the governing body
have cast opposing votes, the member who has
abstained shall be permitted to vote to break
the tie vote if disclosure is made as
otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain as well as file a written memorandum
to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
Under the Ethics Law, we must observe the stated purpose of
that Act which is to strengthen the faith and confidence of
people in their government by assuring the public that the
financial interests of the holders of or candidates for public
office do not present a conflict with the public trust.
In applying the above quoted provisions of the Ethics Law to
the instant matter, we will first consider the provisions of
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law. Since the Kennett Area Park
Authority is the government body with which you are associated,
Section 3(f) would apply in this case.
Assuming that a contract or sub - contract would be made
between you and the Board of the Kennett Area Park Authority
pursuant to the provisions of this Program, Section 3(f) of the
Ethics Law would impose the following requirements if the
contract or sub - contract is $500.00 or more:
1. prior public notice of the contract possibility;
2. public disclosure of applications and contracts
considered;
3. public disclosure of the award of the contracts; and
4. no supervisory or overall responsibility for the
implementation or administration of the contract or
sub- contract by the public official /employee.
In passing, a concern is noted as to whether the Authority's
efforts thus far to find buyers for the tracts would comport with
the requirements of Section 3(f), if only selected individuals
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Aaron J. Martin
rather than the general public have been targeted to receive
notice, and if a fee is required to obtain the necessary
information to submit a bid.
We will now address the propriety of the proposed conduct
under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law. The Ethics Law would not
prohibit the submission of a bid by you or by the corporation for
which you are a principal shareholder, nor would it prohibit your
financing or co- signing a loan for the independent developer who
seeks to purchase the tracts, subject to the express condition
that you comply with the restrictions set forth herein. It is
clear that in each such instance you would have a conflict of
interest. You would therefore be required to abstain from any
participation whatsoever in the Authority's consideration of the
submitted bids, including your own bid, a bid by the corporation
for which you are a principal shareholder, a bid by the
developer for whom you would be providing financing or co- signing
a loan, and also all competing bids. Your abstention would
encompass any participation of any nature on this matter,
including but not limited to discussions and voting.
Furthermore, the disclosure requirements of the Ethics Law
would apply in each such instance, such that you would be
required to both publicly.. announce and disclose the nature of
your interests in a written memorandum filed with the secretary
recording the minutes.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the. Municipality
Authorities Act.
Conclusion: As Chairman of the Board of the Kennett Area Park
Authority, you are a public official subject to the provisions of
the Ethics Law. Subject to the restrictions herein, the Ethics
Law would not prohibit you from submitting a bid to the Authority
either personally or by a corporation in which you are a
principal shareholder, for purchasing tracts of land from the
Authority which are adjacent to the proposed Anson B. Nixon Park.
Subject to the restrictions herein, the Ethics Law would not
prohibit you from providing financing or co- signing a loan for an
independent developer who seeks to submit a bid to purchase some
of the said tracts. The requirements of . Section 3(f) of the
Ethics Law, noted above, must be observed. You must also comply
with the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics
Law, both publicly announcing and disclosing the nature of your
interests in a written memorandum filed with the secretary
responsible for recording the minutes. Lastly, the propriety of
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the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent Dopko,
Chief Counsel