HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-543 SlaytonSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 30, 1991
91 -543
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Office of Economic Development
23 South Juliana Street
Bedford, PA 15522
Re: Conflict, Tax Exempt Bond Financing Program, Participation
by Public Official /Employee, Executive Director of Bedford
County Office of Economic Development; Secretary of Bedford
County Pennsylvania Industrial Development Authority.
Dear Ms. Slayton:
This responds to your letters of April 2, 1991 and April 9,
1991, in which you requested advice from the State Ethics
Commission.
Issue: Whether, as Executive Director of the Bedford County
Office of Economic Development and Secretary of the Bedford
County Pennsylvania Industrial Development Authority, you and
your spouse may participate in a tax - exempt bond financing
program by which "first -time farmers" may access tax - exempt
monies through a statewide pooled bond issue.
Facts: On July 2, 1990, you accepted the position of Assistant
Director of the Bedford County Office of Economic Development,
and on February 12, 1991, you moved into the position of
Executive Director. This is a county job. You have submitted a
job description for your position as Executive Director, which
job description is incorporated herein by reference.
In January, 1991, you were elected to the office of
Secretary of the Bedford County Pennsylvania Industrial
Development Authority (BCPIDA). Although this position is listed
as an officer, you note that you are not a member of the BCPIDA
and have no voting privileges. You have submitted a copy of the
BCPIDA's by -laws, which by -laws are incorporated herein by
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Page 2
reference. According to the by -laws, the Secretary's duties are
as follows:
The Secretary shall keep the records of the Authority,
shall act as Secretary of the meetings of the Board of
the Authority and record all votes, and shall keep a
record of the proceedings of the Board of the Authority
in a journal of proceedings to be kept for such
purpose, and shall perform all duties incident to his
office. He shall keep in safe custody the seal of the
Authority, and shall have power to affix such seal to
all proceedings and resolutions of the Board of the
Authority and to all contracts and instruments
authorized to be executed by the Authority.
By -Laws, Article II, Section 4.
Since the incorporated by -laws
provide that the Secretary is "to be
the Board of the Authority ", By -Laws
foregoing appears to contradict your
member of BCPIDA.
of the BCPIDA specifically
elected from the members of
, Article II, Section 1, the
statement that you are not a
You have also submitted a membership and officer listing of
BCPIDA, which listing is incorporated herein by reference.
At this time, you and your husband are exploring the
possibilities of acquiring a farm in Bedford County. You are
currently leasing the farm, and your husband is involved full -
time with the farming operation. You seek the advice of this
Commission regarding whether you and your husband could
participate in a new program available through the Pennsylvania
Economic Development Financing Authority (PEDFA), which is a tax
exempt bond financing program which allows "first -time farmers"
to access tax exempt monies through a statewide pooled bond
issue. You state that the program operates as follows:
The farmer secures a financing commitment from a
local lender based on cash flow, collateral, etc.; the
lender then writes a letter of credit on behalf of the
farmer, secured by adequate collateral (usually a
mortgage on the farm).
The farmer takes this letter of credit and a PEDFA
application to the local IDA (in this case, the BCPIDA)
requesting its approval.
If approved, the application is forwarded to PEDFA
who reviews eligibility and other salient issues.
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Page 3
Once PEDFA approves the application, it becomes
part of a pool of applications from across the state.
Local letters of credit securing the applications are
reviewed by Pittsburgh National Bank who issues the
Master Letter of Credit.
Bonds are then issued on the open market,
accessing tax exempt monies for Pennsylvania companies
and first -time farmers participating in the program.
Last year PEDFA processed about $100 million dollars
through this program.
You have submitted copies of program guidelines for this
program from the Secretary of Commerce, all of which program
guidelines are incorporated herein by reference.
You state that should a borrower go into default on the
loan, the liability rests with the local lender who issued the
local letter of credit. The local lender would pay the bond
holder and look to its collateral as the source of repayment.
The local IDA would not be at risk. You have contacted PEDFA,
the Authority's Solicitor (Gordon Stroup) and the Authority's
Chairman (Don Silvester) regarding the issue of a conflict of
interest should you and your husband pursue the use of this
program. You do not believe there is a problem but noting that
you are new in your position, you seek an opinion from the Ethics
Commission.
You have submitted a copy of your Statement of Financial
Interests for calendar year 1990 as well as a list of resources
as contacts for further information, all of which information is
incorporated herein by reference.
Discussion: As Executive Director of the Bedford County Office
of Economic Development, and as Secretary of the Bedford County
Pennsylvania Industrial Development Authority (BCPIDA), you are a
"public employee" and a "public official" as these terms are
defined in the Ethics Law and hence you are subject to the
provisions of that Law. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1.
Sections 3(a) and 3(f) of the Ethics Law provide:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton'
Page 4
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals
considered and contracts awarded. In such a
case, the public official or public employee
shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or
administration of the contract. Any contract
or subcontract made in violation of this
subsection shall be voidable by a court of
competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the
contract or subcontract.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value or no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Page 5
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
or his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
Under the Ethics Law, we must observe the stated purpose of
that Act which is to strengthen the faith and confidence of
people in their government by assuring the public that the
financial interests of the holders of or candidates for public
office do not present a conflict with the public trust.
In applying the above quoted provisions of the Ethics Law to
the instant matter, we will first consider the provisions of
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law. Since the Bedford County Office
of Economic Development and BCPIDA are the government bodies with
which you are associated, Section 3(f) would apply in this case
to the extent the application procedure includes any matter of a
contractual nature between you and the Bedford County Office of
Economic Development and /or BCPIDA.
Assuming that a contract or sub - contract would be made
between you and your spouse and the Bedford County Office of
Economic Development and /or BCPIDA pursuant to the provisions of
this Program, Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law would impose the
following requirements if the contract or sub - contract is $500.00
or more and were to be made between you and your spouse and
either governmental body:
1. prior public notice of the contract possibility;
2. public disclosure of applications and contracts
considered;
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Page 6
3. public disclosure of the award of the contracts; and
4. no supervisory or overall responsibility for the
implementation or administration of the contract or
sub - contract by the public official /employee.
However, if no such contractual arrangement would exist
under the application process, Section 3(f) would not apply.
We will now address the propriety of the proposed conduct
under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law. In this review, we note
and recognize the concern that arises where a public program,
funded with public monies and administered through a public
agency, political subdivision, or governmental body is also
available to public officials or employees of that agency or
governmental body. We recognize the public concern and
criticism that may arise if a public official or public employee
who serves a governmental body receives benefits under a program
of this nature.
It is clear that the Ethics Law, and in particular Section
3(a), was primarily designed to restrict the activity of a public
official or employee from using the authority of office for
private pecuniary benefit. However, we believe that as a general
rule the Ethics Law was not enacted nor should it be interpreted
to preclude public officials or employees from participating in
programs which might otherwise be available to them as citizens.
Wolff, Opinion 89 -030; Woodrinq, Opinion 90 -001.
In order to insure that a public official or employee is not
in a conflict when he seeks to participate in a program such as
this tax exempt bond financing program for "first -time farmers ",
he must observe the following:
1. play no role in establishing the criteria under which
the program is to operate, particularly with reference
to the structure or administration of the program;
2. play no role in establishing or implementing the
criteria by which selections for program participation
are to be made;
3. play no role in the process of selecting and reviewing
applicants or in awarding grants, funds or financing;
4. use no confidential information acquired during the
holding of public office or public employment to apply
for or to obtain such funds, grants, financing, etc.,
and
Ms. Bette Brown Slayton
Page 7
5. abstain, publicly disclose and file a memorandum with
the person responsible for recording the minutes under
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law in cases where the
public official/ employee is associated with
administering the grants or funds or financing program
not only as to his own application but as to similarly
situated individuals with whom the public
official /employee might be competing for available
funds. In cases where Section 3(f) is applicable, the
public official /employee would be prohibited from any
supervisory or overall responsibility as to the
contract or program.
Furthermore, it is specifically noted that with regard to
Item No. 5 above, you are the Secretary of BCPIDA, and therefore,
you would ordinarily be the individual responsible for recording
the minutes of the meetings of the Board of BCPIDA as well as
recording all of its votes and keeping a record of the
proceedings of the Board, pursuant to the incorporated by -laws.
Furthermore, as Secretary, you are custodian of the seal of
BCPIDA and have the power to affix the seal to all proceedings
and resolutions of the Board of BCPIDA and to all contracts and
instruments authorized to be executed by BCPIDA.
Thus, in order to remove yourself from any involvement with
the process to the extent required by the Ethics Law, you could
not participate in any way in such responsibilities with regard
to this particular program, either with regard to your
application or any other application against which you may be
competing. You would be required to remove yourself from the
process as Secretary. A written memorandum setting forth your
removal and the nature of your interests should be filed with the
acting secretary.
Through application of the above criteria, we seek to
eliminate the possibility that a public official /employee who is
seeking such funds or seeking to participate in these programs
would be in a position to insure that the grant, funds, financing
or the program benefits would be available for his own benefit.
Thus, a public official or public employee in such a situation
should refrain from participating in making decisions or
recommendations about the program and regarding distribution of
the limited funds which might be available as a result of such a
program.
Expressly conditioned upon the assumption that you act in
conformance with the above criteria, you may apply for and
participate in the benefits associated with the Program.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
Ms. Bette Brown Slayytort
Page 8
such.
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the County Code.
Conclusion: As Executive Director of the Bedford County Office
of Economic Development and as Secretary of the Bedford County
Pennsylvania Industrial Development Authority (BCPIDA), you are a
public employee and a public official subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not
preclude you and your spouse from applying for tax exempt bond
financing available to "first -time farmers" through a new program
through the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority
based upon the express assumption that you are not a member of
BCPIDA and provided you played no role in establishing the
criteria under which the program would operate, played no role in
implementing the criteria for selecting applicants, played no
role in selecting or reviewing applicants, used no confidential
information and finally had no involvement with the
administration of the program. The requirements of Section 3(f)
of the Ethics Law noted above, to the extent applicable, must be
complied with. You must also comply with Section 3(j) of the
Ethics Law by removing yourself as Secretary of BCPIDA from
participating in any way whatsoever with regard to this program
at all times during which you are seeking to participate in it.
You must publicly disclose the nature of your interest and file a
written memorandum disclosing your removal and the nature of your
interest with whoever is the acting secretary responsible for
recording the minutes with regard to this matter during your
removal. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing,
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent . Dopko,
Chief Counsel