HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-509 YoungMr. Theodore Young
464 Sylvania Avenue
Glenside, PA 19038
Dear Mr. Young:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108-1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 29, 1991
91 -509
Re: Former Public Employee, Section 3(g), Pennsylvania
Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services, District Manager.
This responds to your letter of December 26, 1990, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon your employment following
termination of service with the Department of Public Welfare,
Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services.
Facts: You are the District Manager for the Philadelphia
district office of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Blindness and
Visual Services (BVS). BVS is a bureau within the Department of
Public Welfare which provides services to the blind. Your office
is responsible for providing all services either directly or
contractually provided by the Commonwealth to the blind in the
southeast region. You have submitted your job description and an
organization chart as well as a memorandum dated December 26,
1990, from you to John Lylo, Director, Bureau of Personnel and a
memorandum dated December 4, 1990, to you from Mr. Lylo, all of
which documents are incorporated herein by reference. You intend
to retire from the Commonwealth effective January 18, 1991.
After your retirement, you plan to sell computer equipment for
the blind and to train blind persons to use such equipment. It
is your intention to contract with BVS to provide this service,
but only upon the request of BVS. You state that you may also
offer to contract with BVS to teach Braille to blind persons.
Furthermore, you plan to offer a job evaluation service to the
agency upon the agency's specific request, in which you would
conduct thorough job evaluations and recommend accommodations
and /or restructuring so that the essential job functions could be
performed by blind persons. You state that you would be
Mr. Theodore Young
Page 2
providing needed services to the agency rather than competing
with it. You submit that under these circumstances, you do not
believe there would be a conflict of interest between your post -
retirement plans and your employment with the Commonwealth. You
request an advice from the State Ethics Commission regarding the
above issue.
Discussion: As a District Manager for the Pennsylvania
Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. Section 402; 51 Pa. Code Section 1.1. This conclusion is
based upon the job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take
or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting,
administering or monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing
or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with the Department of
Public Welfare must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
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Page 3
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you have
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW) including but not limited to
the Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services. The above is based
upon the language of the Ethics Law, the legislative intent
(Lecrislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291)
and the prior precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli,
Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a former Division
Director of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely
restricted to the particular Division as was contended but was in
fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one year
representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90-009 -
R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to a
state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first- year after termination of
service with DPW, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and
restrict representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis
DPW.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Lecrislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
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Page 4
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you have been associated is DPW.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year representation, the Ethics Law
defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
The Commission, in Poiovich,, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
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1. Personal appearances before the former governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to DPW and /or the Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services (BVS) so long as you are not identified as the preparer.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's
appearance before DPW and /or BVS. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to DPW or BVS.
Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or
preclude the making of general informational inquiries of DPW or
BVS to secure information which is available to the general
public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known
to that body the representation of, or work for the new employer.
Turning to your specific question, your description of your
post- retirement plans would appear to transgress Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law as including your personal involvement in
negotiating or contracting with DPW and /or BVS.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee and no public official /employee shall solicit
or accept any thing of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference
is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there
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such.
has or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a District Manager for the Pennsylvania
Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services, you are to be considered a "public employee" as defined
in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of service with the
Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services, you would become a "former public employee" subject to
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former governmental body is
the Department of Public Welfare, including but not limited to
the Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services. The restrictions as
to representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety
of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the. Ethics
Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sfnierely,
0
Vincent J. Dopko,
Chief Counsel
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