HomeMy WebLinkAbout91-501 LloydMr. Herman W. Lloyd
617 Bally Road
Yeadon, PA 19050
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 14, 1991
91 -501
Re: Former Public Employee, Section 3(g), PennDot,
Transportation Construction Manager III.
Dear Mr. Lloyd:
This responds to your letter of November 29, 1990, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a transportation
construction manager following termination of service with
PennDot.
Facts: You currently work for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Transportation (PennDot) in the position of
Assistant Construction Manager with a class title of
Transportation Construction Manager III with headquarters
located in Engineering District 6 -0 in St. Davids, Pennsylvania.
After retiring from service with the Commonwealth on January 4,
1991, you plan to start employment with SITE Engineers, Inc. of
Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, on January 21, 1991. You seek advice as
to your status regarding business dealings with PennDot or the
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission after you start employment with
SITE Engineers. You submit a copy of your current job
description and job specification which is incorporated herein by
reference. During your service with PennDot since April 1962 you
have held successive positions of construction inspector,
assistant inspector in charge and inspector of charge on many
construction projects. You have served in your current position
for the past four years. Your job title at SITE Engineers will
be Manager, Highway Construction Management /Inspection. In the
foregoing capacity you will perform construction management
duties on private work and will be in charge of construction
inspection for D.O.T.'s and several states including
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. Your
construction inspection duties will include preparing proposals,
attending scope or work meetings and billing for work performed.
As part of your duties with PennDot you had no direct contact
Mr. Herman W. Lloyd
Page 2
with SITE's engineers and have never been a part of negotiating a
contract with them. In addition, SITE's does have one inspector
on a project as to which you have responsibilities (S.R. 0030
Section 02B) where they are a geotechnical sub- consultant to
Ammann & Whitney Pennsylvania, Inc. The foregoing project was a
design consultant contract that was negotiated before you became
involved with the project. You conclude by requesting an opinion
as to whether your employment with SITE's would result in a
conflict.
Discussion: As a Transportation Construction Manager for
PennDot, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. Section 402; 51 Pa. Code Section 1.1. This conclusion is
based upon the job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take
or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting,
administering or monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing
or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with PennDot must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
Mr. Herman W. Lloyd
Page 3
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you were
associated upon termination of public service would be PennDot.
The above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law, the
legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant
to a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of
service with PennDot, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply
and restrict representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis
PennDot.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law -must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the. General Assembly under
Mr. Herman W. Lloyd
Page 4
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you were associated is PennDot.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year representation, the Ethics Law
defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
Mr. Herman W. Lloyd
Page 5
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. Parenthetically, you would not be
precluded from representation before the Pennsylvania Turnpike
Commission because that is not the governmental body with which
you have been associated.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to PennDot so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before PennDot. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to PennDot. Of
course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or
preclude the making of general informational inquiries of PennDot
to secure information which is available to the general public.
This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body
the representation of, or work for the new employer.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee and no public official /employee shall solicit
or accept any thing of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference
is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there
has or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
Mr. Herman W. Lloyd
Page 6
such.
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Transportation Construction Manager for
PennDot, you are to be considered a "public employee" as defined
in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of service with PennDot, you
would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g)
of the Ethics Law. The former governmental body is PennDot but
not the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of
the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sincerely,
(
Vincent J. Dopko,
Chief Counsel