HomeMy WebLinkAbout90-595 BahnerDear Mr. Bahner:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
September 21, 1990
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Northumberland Co. Planning Commission
Human Service Bldg., Room 413
370 Market Street
Sunbury, PA 17801
90 -595
Re: Conflict, Public Employee, County Planning Commission,
Grants Coordinator, CDBG Program, Involvement with Company
which Offers Position of Employment.
This responds to your letter of August 20, 1990, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a grants
coordinator of a county planning commission from accepting an
offer of employment from a business he assisted in obtaining a
low interest loan from the industrial development authority.
Facts: You are employed by the Northumberland County Planning
Commission as a grants coordinator wherein your responsibilities
include the coordination of approximately eleven grant programs
with primary emphasis on Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
Programs. You have recently been offered a position with a
business, Food Traditions and Technologies, in an administrative
area to replace an individual who is leaving the firm due to
other business commitments. The salary for your position would
be comparable to your current position due to the start up nature
of twenty employees and the wide open market which is served, co-
packing shelf stable microwave prepared foods. You have had
prior involvement with the company relative to its receipt of a
CDBG loan in January of 1990. The company received a low
interest three hundred thousand dollar loan as part of a seven
hundred thousand expansion package from the industrial revolving
loan fund which was administered by a subrecipient, the
Northumberland County Industrial Development Authority. You were
involved with the loan at the request of the IDA director to
assist the company with its business plan and further assist the
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 2
director in putting together a loan package that would meet DCA
standards. Due to your banking background in understanding of
DCA economic development guidelines, you customarily act in such
capacity. Once a loan package is prepared your involvement
ceases until the IDA board of directors approves the loan and
forwards it to the county board of commissioners for their
approval. After the local approval process has been completed,
you then package the loan with the associated request for payment
forms and forward it to the small communities program division
loan committee for their decision. Since you desire to accept
the opportunity for employment, you request advice from this
Commission on this matter.
Discussion: As a Grants Coordinator for the Northumberland
County Planning Commission, you are a public employee as that
term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence you are subject
to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
or his immediate family or a business with
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 3
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby.
Under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above, a public
employee may not use the authority of office or confidential
information to obtain a private pecuniary benefit for himself,
member of his immediate family, or business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
In applying the proffered facts to Section 3(a) of the
Ethics Law, Section 3(a) would prohibit you from using the status
of your office or your activities to advance an opportunity of
private employment with Food Traditions and Technologies. It is
expressly assumed for purposes of this advice that you have not
taken any such action. In addition, you could not use the
authority of office as a means of attempting to eliminate any
potential competitors who would be competing with you for the
position with Food Traditions and Technologies. Pepper, Opinion
87 -008. Therefore, subject to the qualifications as noted above,
Section 3(a) of the .Ethics Law would not preclude you from
accepting the position with Food Traditions and Technologies.
Lastly, although you have not so requested, you are advised
that if you do terminate public employment and accept the
position with Food Traditions and Technologies, you would become
a former public employee subject to the restrictions of Section
3(g) of the Ethics. Law:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 4
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you were
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Northumberland County Planning Commission. The above is based
upon the language of the Ethics Law, the legislative intent
(Leaislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291)
and the prior precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli,
Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a former Division
Director of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely
restricted to the particular Division as was contended but was in
fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one year
representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp Opinion 90 -009,
it was determined that a former legislative assistant to a state
senator was not merely restricted to that particular senator but
to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of
service with Northumberland Planning Commission, Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of persons
or new employers vis -a -vis Northumberland Planning Commission.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Leaislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you have been associated is Northumberland Planning
Commission.
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 5
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year representation, the Ethics Law
defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
The Commission, in PoDovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 6
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of one's name as an employee or consultant on
a "pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by
Education, is not prohibited as representation.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to Northumberland Planning Commission so long as you
are not identified as the preparer. You may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before Northumberland
County Planning Commission. Once again, however, the activity in
this respect should not be revealed to Northumberland Planning
Commission. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not
prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of Northumberland Planning Commission to secure
information which is available to the general public. This must
not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As Grants Coordinator for the Northumberland County
Planning Commission, you are a public employee and subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Law. Subject to the qualifications
noted above, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not restrict
you from accepting a position with Food Traditions and Technology
which was offered to you after you assisted them in a low
interest loan from the industrial revolving loan fund. Should
you terminate your service you must comply with the restrictions
Mr. Michael P. Bahner
Page 7
of Section 3(g) as a former public employee. Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Vincent J1.) Dopko,
Chief Counsel
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