HomeMy WebLinkAbout90-544 BreinichMs. Anna M. Breinich
Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc.
Consulting Engineers
4099 Derry Street
Harrisburg, PA 17111
Dear Ms. Breinich:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 6, 1990
90 -544
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Tri- County Regional
Planning Commission; Planner.
This responds to your letter of March 19, 1990, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Law presents any restrictions upon
your employment following your termination of service with the Tri -
County Regional Planning Commission.
Facts: From April 1980 until December 31, 1989, you were employed as a
Planner for the Tri- County Regional Planning Commission (TCRP) of
Harrisburg which serves Cumberland, Dauphin and Perry Counties. TCRP,
as a regional planning agency, exists through a cooperative agreement
between the three counties and serves as an advisory agency but does
not assume any powers or functions of county planning commissions such
as subdivision review /approval, planning /administration of Pennsylvania
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Programs. The thirty -one
members of TCRP are appointed as follows: three by the County Board of
Commissioners Chairmen, 12 by the County Planning Commission
appointees, 3 by the Minority Association nominated members and 13 by
the Planning Section representatives nominated within each of ten
geographic sections. The TCRP employs staff members who also serve as
staff of the county planning commissions in Dauphin and Perry' County,
but not in Cumberland which planning commission employs its own staff.
While employed by TCRP you were coordinator of all CDBG program
activities which include the planning services consisting of program
design, application preparation and environmental assessment
preparation for Dauphin County and all program planning and
project /grant administration for Perry County. TCRP provided technical
and advisory CDBG program assistance through its staff to the county
commissioner who made the ultimate determination to use the CDBG
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 2
program funds. You were directly involved with all existing and
proposed CDBG funded activities during funding years (FY) 1982 through
1989. As part of the FY 1989 CDBG program, funding was allocated to
Cumberland, Dauphin and Perry Counties for the development of a
regional fair housing analysis. TCRP served as "the lead agency" for
the activities with the counties and their respective communities being
the actual grantees. The fair housing analysis which is required by
the CDBG program regulations was to be completed by a consultant since
at the time of the application in June of 1989 adequate staffing was
not available. You prepared the preliminary scope of work and budget
which included all FY 1989 CDBG applications. The information related
to this matter was a matter of public record per public participation
requirements of the CDBG program. The training that you received in
order to prepare the work program was obtained through the Pennsylvania
Department of Community Affairs training on minority business
enterprise /fair housing analysis program requirements which was offered
in March of 1989, that training being offered to any grantee or CDBG
consultant. You note that you were not aware that you would be leaving
TCRP employment during the development of the work program. In October
of 1989, you were interviewed for your present position of planning
director for Herbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc. In that month you
accepted your new position and resigned from your position with TCRP.
You considered the possibility of responding to the fair housing
analysis request for proposal and decided to remove yourself from any
further active involvement therein with the approval of the Executive
Director. The RFP and final work program was completed by the Dauphin
County Redevelopment Authority staff which administers the Dauphin
County CDBG program. A review of the draft RFP was completed by other
commission staff and advertised by the authority. Herbert, Rowland &
Grubic, Inc. has submitted a proposal relative to the fair housing
analysis RFP and is being considered for that contract. The award of
the contract by the TCRP is contingent upon a satisfactory ruling from
this Commission regarding your involvement in the activity. Since the
Fair Housing Analysis would be supervised and completed by yourself,
you conclude by requesting a ruling as to the applicability of the
Ethics Law to yourself and Commission employees. You question whether
TCRP employees are "public employees" under the Ethics Act in that they
are staff of the TCRP and not the county planning commissions. In
addition you note that several years ago the TCRP solicitor determined
that TCRP employees were not required to file the Statements of
Financial Interests which in his view were only applicable to county
planning commission members.
Discussion: Initially, you question whether your activities and
functions fall within the purview of the definition of "public
employee" as that phrase is defined in the Ethics Law and the
regulations of this Commission. In order to review the question
presented, we will briefly outline the duties and responsibilities
associated with your position as contained in your letter. Your duties
and responsibilities, as set forth in your letter which is incorporated
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 3
herein by reference, include the following: coordinated the CDBG
program activities including planning services, program design,
application preparation, environmental assessment preparation for
Dauphin County and all program planning in project /grant administration
for Perry County; direct involvement with all existing and proposed
CDBG fund activities through the years 1982 through 1989 and the
performance of preliminary "Scope of Work and Budget" regarding the
fair housing analysis.
The Ethics Law defines that term as follows:
Section 2. Definitions
"Public employee." Any individual employed by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision who is
responsible for taking or recommending official
action of a nonministerial nature with regard to:
(1) contracting or procurement;
(2) administering or monitoring
grants or subsidies;
(3) planning or zoning;
(4) inspecting, licensing, regulating or
auditing any person; or
(5) any other activity where the
official .action has an economic
impact of greater than a de minimus
nature on the interests of any
person. 65 P.S. 402.
"Public employee" shall not include individuals
who are employed by the State or any political
subdivision thereof in teaching as distinguished
from administrative duties. 65 P.S. 402.
The regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly define
the term public employee as above and also set forth that the term
includes any individual:
(B) who meets the criteria of either subclause (I)
or (II):
(I) The individual is:
( -a -) a person who normally performs
his responsibility in the field without
on -site supervision;
( -b -) the immediate supervisor of a
person who normally performs his
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 4
responsibility in the field
site supervision; or
( -c -) the supervisor of
level field office.
without on-
any highest
(II) The individual is a person:
( -a -) who:
( -1 -) has the authority to make
final decisions;
( -2 -) has the authority to forward
stop recommendations from being sent
the person or body with the authority
make final decisions;
or
to
to
( -3 -) prepares or supervises the
preparation of final recommendations; or
( -4 -) makes final technical
recommendations; and
( -b -) whose recommendations or
actions:
( -1 -) are an inherent and recurring
part of his position; and
( -2 -) affect organizations other than
his own organization.
(ii) The term does not include individuals who are
employed by the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision of the Commonwealth in teaching as
distinguished from administrative duties.
(iii) Persons in the positions listed below are
generally considered public employees.
(A) Executive and special directors or
assistants reporting directly to the
agency head or governing body.
(B) Commonwealth bureau directors,
division chiefs, or heads of equivalent
organization elements and other
governmental body department heads.
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 5
(C) Staff attorneys engaged in
representing the department, agency, or
other governmental bodies before the
public.
(D) Solicitors, engineers, managers, and
secretary- treasurers acting as managers,
police chiefs, chief clerks, chief
purchasing agents, grant and contract
managers, housing and building
inspectors, sewer enforcement officers,
and zoning officers in all governmental
bodies.
(E) Court administrators, assistants for
fiscal affairs, and deputies for the
minor judiciary.
(F) School business managers and
principals.
(iv) Persons in the positions listed below are
generally not considered public employees.
(A) City clerks, other clerical staff,
road masters, secretaries, police
officers, welfare case workers,
maintenance workers, construction
workers, detectives, equipment operators,
and recreation directors.
(B) Law clerks, court criers, court
reporters, probation officers, security
guards, and writ servers.
(C) School teachers and clerk of the
schools. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
We must review the question you present under these provisions of
the statute and the regulations of the Commission in light of your
duties and obligations as described in your advice request. Our
inquiry necessarily focuses on the job itself and not on the individual
incumbent in the position, the variable functions of the position, or
the manner in which a particular individual occupying a position may
carry out those functions. See Phillips v. State Ethics Commission, 79
Pa. Cmwlth. 491, 470 A.2d 659 (1984); and Mummau v. Ranck, 531 Fed.
Supp. 402 (E.D. Pa. 1982).
Also, in reviewing your question, the Commonwealth Court in its
ruling in Phillips, supra, at page 661, directs us to construe coverage
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 6
of the Ethics Act broadly, rather than narrowly, and conversely,
directs that exclusions from. the Ethics Law should be narrowly
construed. Based upon this directive and reviewing the definition of
"public employee" in the statute and the regulations and opinions of
this Commission, in light of your job functions and the information
available to us, we must conclude that you are a "public employee"
under the Ethics Law.
It is clear that in your capacity as a Planner, you have the
ability to recommend official action with respect to subparagraphs 2, 3
and 5 within the definition of "public employee as set forth in the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. 402. These activities fall within the definition
of public employee as contained in the regulations of the Commission in
Section 1.1, subparagraph (B)(II). 51 Pa. Code 1.1. Under these
circumstances and given your duties and responsibilities as outlined
above, you are a "public employee" as that term is defined . in the
Ethics Law.
of public service, you would
subject to Section 3(g) of the
Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics
Consequently, upon termination
become a former public employee"
Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with promised or
actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated
for one year after he leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with TCRP must be identified.
Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and
term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the Ethics
Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within State
government or a political subdivision by which the
public official or employee is or has been employed
or to which the public official or employee is or
has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 7
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we must
conclude that the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be TCRP and the
Cumberland and Dauphin Planning Commissions, collective referred to as
the three commissions. The above is based upon the language of the
Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one
year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90 -009,
it was determined that a former legislative assistant to a state
senator was not merely restricted to that particular senator but to the
entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service with
TCRP, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict
representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis the three
commissions.
In Nixon, Opinion 89 -006, the Commission determined that the
Department of General Services (DGS) automated purchasing systems
project manager's governmental body may extend beyond DGS in light of
his involvement with other agencies of the Commonwealth in performing
his duties and responsibilities.
Similarly, in Hitt, Opinion 90 -005, the Commission determined that
a manager in the office of Director of Assessments of Allegheny County
was not only restricted from that body but also as-to the Board of
Property Assessments, Appeals and Review in light of the
interconnection between those two different and separate agencies.
Finally, in Pollock, 89 -031, the Commission determined that a
former Pittsburgh City Councilmen was not restricted in terms of the
one year representation restriction from city council but as to all
government units in the City of Pittsburgh as well as all authorities
interconnected with the city. Therefore, based upon the prior
precedent of the Commission, your former governmental body would be the
three commissions.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section 3(g),
the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before agencies
or entities other than with respect to the former governmental body.
Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of employment in
which a person may engage, following departure from their governmental
body. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is
primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the
public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 8
of a person's public employment he must act consistently with the
public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that individual
should not be allowed to utilize his association with the public
sector, officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year representation, the Ethics Law defines
"Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other
person in any activity which includes, but is not
limited to, the following: personal appearances,
negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or
contract proposals which are signed by or contain
the name of a former public official or public
employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm,
partnership, committee, club or other organization
or group of persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also interpreted
the term representation " as used in Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law to
prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former.. governmental body or
bodies, including, but not . limited to, negotiations or renegotiations
in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are . signed or
contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former governmental
body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the former governmental body in relation to
legislation, regulations, etc.
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 9
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. Therefore, within the first year after termination
of service, the three commissions should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated that the
inclusion of one's name as an employee or consultant on a "pricing
proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by you, is not prohibited
as representation.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to
the three commissions so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that person's
appearance before the three commissions. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the three
commissions. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not
prohibit or preclude the making of general informational inquiries of
the three commissions to secure information which is available to the
general public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to
that body the representation of, or work for the new employer.
The Commission has concluded that the administering of an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a
contract would not be prohibited by the Ethics Law.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in
part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee anything
of monetary value and no public official /employee shall solicit or
accept any thing of monetary value based upon the understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgement of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of
the law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve
an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Planner, you are to be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of service
with TCRP, you would become a "former public employee" subject to the
Ethics Law. Your former governmental body are the Tri- County Regional
Planning Commission and the Perry and Dauphin Planning Commissions.
The restrictions as to representation as outlined above must be
Ms. Anna M. Breinich
Page 10
followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in
any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of
good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing
the requestor has disclosed truthfully all the material facts and
committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission will
be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be issued.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at the
Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.
Code 2.12.
S' cerely,
Vincent . Dopko,
Chief Counsel