HomeMy WebLinkAbout19-005 ConfidentialPHONE: 717- 783 -1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717- 787 -0806
TOLL FREE: 1 -800- 932 -0936 FINANCE BUILDING wEBSITE:www.ethics.oajov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 171200400
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: Nicholas A. Colafella, Chair
Mark R. Corrigan, Vice Chair
Roger Nick
Melanie DePalma
Monique Myatt Galloway
Michael A. Schwartz
Shelley Y. Simms
DATE DECIDED: 516119
DATE MAILED: 5117119
19 -005
To the Requesters:
This Opinion is issued in response to your letter dated April 3, 2019, by which you
requested a confidential advisory from this Commission.
I. ISSUE:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq.,1 would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon a Member of the
Pennsylvania General Assembly ( "State Legislator") -- specifically a Member of Chamber A --
with regard to establishing a non - profit [type of private entity] ( "B "), actively participating in
the operations of the B, and soliciting charitable contributions and holding fundraisers to
fund such B, where:
(1) The purpose and function of the B would be to provide C services to public and non-
public [types of institutions] located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at no
cost to such institutions;
(2) The B would be funded entirely by charitable contributions and would not charge
any fee for its services;
(3) The B would be run by the State Legislator and another individual, with each having
an active role in operating the B and soliciting contributions and holding fundraisers,
1 This Commission has statutory jurisdiction to issue advisories (Opinions of the Commission and Advices of
Counsel) under only two laws, specifically, the Ethics Act and Pennsylvania's lobbying disclosure law
( "Lobbying Disclosure Law "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 13A01 et seq. This Commission has statutory' risdiction to issue
certain "determinations" as to status, but not advisories, under the Pennsylvania Race Horse Development
and Gaming Act ( "Gaming Act ") 4 Pa.C.S, § 1101 et seq., and the Medical Mariana Act, Act 16 of 2016
(see, 35 P.S. § 10231.2101.1(d)�1)) and those laws are not addressed herein. As the instant advisory request
does not submit any facts or pose any questions that would appear to implicate the Lobbying Disclosure Law,
this Opinion is limited to addressing the advisory request under the Ethics Act.
Confidential Opinion, 19 -005 17, 2019
Page 2
(4) None of the work associated with the establishment and operation of the B would
utilize state resources (such as taxpayer - funded computers or phones), nor would
the work be performed in any state -owned office;
(5) The State Legislator's status as a Member of the General Assembly would not be
referenced in any marketing efforts by the B;
(6) The State Legislator might receive income from the B in the form of salary; and
(7) The State Legislator would satisfy the disclosure requirements of the Ethics Act as
to income received from the B.
II. FACTUAL BASIS FOR DETERMINATION:
You have been authorized by the Honorable [name] ( "State Legislator D "), who is a
Member of Chamber A, to re uest a confidential advisory Opinion from this Commission on
his behalf. You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
In a private capacity, State Legislator D intends to establish a non - profit [type of
private entity] ( "B ") that would have as its purpose and function providing C services to
public and non - public [types of institutions] located in the Commonwealth of Pennsyylvania,
at no cost to such institutions. The B would seek tax - exempt status as a 501(c)(3)
organization. The B would be funded entirely by charitable contributions and would not
charge any fee for its services.
The B would be run by State Legislator D and another individual, with each having
an active role in operating the B and soliciting contributions and holding fundraisers.
None of the work associated with the establishment and operation of the B would
utilize state resources (such as taxpa yer-funded computers or phones), nor would the work
be performed in any state -owned office. State Legislator D's status as a Member of the
General Assembly would not be referenced in any marketing efforts by the B.
State Legislator D might receive income from the B in the form of salary. State
Legislator D would satisfy the disclosure requirements of the Ethics Act as to income
received from the B.
Based upon the above facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would impose any
restrictions on State Legislator D with regard to establishing the B and actively participating
in its operations.
By letter dated April 10, 2019, you were notified of the date, time and location of the
executive meeting at which your request would be considered.
At the executive meeting on May 6, 2019, you appeared together with State
Legislator D, who elaborated on his background prior to serving as a Member of the
General Assembly, and the connection of that prior experience to plans for the B.
III. DISCUSSION:
It is initially noted that pursuant.to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act,
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts
that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted, this Commission does not engage in an independent
investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It
is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant to the
inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
Confidential O inion, 19 -005 17 2019
Page 3,
requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Pennsylvania State Legislator, State Legislator D is a public official subject to
the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
" "
Conflict or conflict of interest. Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The term does not include an action
having a de minimis economic impact or which affects to the
same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group
which includes the public official or public employee, a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company, joint
stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity organized
for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or has
a financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial interest in a legal
entity engaged in business for profit which comprises more
than 5% of the equity of the Business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in indebtedness.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102 (Emphasis added).
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act restricts public officials /public employees in their
Confidential Opinion, 19 -005
Ma 17, 2019
Page 4
public capacities, not their private capacities. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the
definition of the term "conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by holding
such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee
himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of
his immediate family is associated.
At such times as State Legislator D's relationship with the B would fall within any of
the categories listed in the Ethics Act's definition of the term "business with which he is
associated" —such as director or employee —the B would be considered a business with
which State Legislator D is associated. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102. See, Rendell v. State Ethics
Commission, 603 Pa. 292, 983 A.2d 708 (2009 (Holding that tFie tics Act's definition of
the term business" includes non - profit entities.
However, to the extent the activities of a Legislator relate to "legislative actions"
f introducing, considering, debating, voting, enacting, adopting, or approving legislation),
hey are constitutionally controlled and are exempt from the purview of the Ethics Act and
the State Ethics Commission. Confidential Opinion, 05 -002; Corrigan, Opinion 87 -001.
Additionally, private activities with no connection to either a use of public
office/employment or a use of confidential information received b holding the public
Confidential would not form the basis for a violation of Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Cf.,
Confidential Opinion, 15 -003.
Therefore, based upon the submitted facts, you are advised that Section 1103(a) of
the Ethics Act would not prohibit State Legislator D from engaging in private activities in his
private capacity to establish the B, actively participate in the operations of the B, and/or
solicit charitable contributions and hold fundraisers to fund the B. State Legislator D would
be required to satisfy all applicable disclosure requirements of Sections 1104 and 1105 of
the Ethics Act, 65 all §§ 1104, 1105, with respect to filing Statements of Financial
Interests as a public official.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the Legislative Code of
Ethics, 46 P.S. § 143.1 et sect., or Rules of Chamber A.
IV. CONCLUSION:
As a Member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly -- specifically a Member of
Chamber A - -the Honorable [name] ("State Legislator D ") is a public Official subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101
et ssec . Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) in a private capacity, State Legislator D
intends to establish a non - profit [type of private entity] ( "B ") that would have as its purpose
and function providing C services to public and non- public [types of institutions] located in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at no cost to such institutions; (2) the B would seek
tax - exempt status as a 501 O(3) organization; (3) the B would be Mended entirely by
charitable contributions and would not charge any fee for its services; (4) the B would be
run by State Legislator D and another individual, with each having an active role in
operating the B and soliciting contributions and holding fundraisers; �5) none of the work
associated with the establishment and operation of the B would uti ize state resources
(such as tax a er- funded computers or pphones), nor would the work be performed in any
state -owned office; (6) State Legislator D's status as a Member of the General Assembly
would not be referenced in any marketing efforts b the B; (7) State Legislator D might
receive income from the B in the form of salary; and (8) State Legislator D would satisfy the
disclosure requirements of the Ethics Act as to income received from the B, you are
Confidential O inion, 19 -005
May 17,
Page 5
advised as follows.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), restricts public
officials /public employees in their public capacities, not their private capacities. Private
activities with no connection to either a use of public office /employment or a use of
confidential information received by holding the public position would not form the basis for
a violation of Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act.
Therefore, based upon the submitted facts, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would
not prohibit State Legislator D from engaging in private activities in his private capacity to
establish the B, activel participate in the operations of the B, and/or solicit charitable
contributions and hold fundraisers to fund the B. State Le islator D would be required to
satisfy all ap licable disclosure requirements of Sections 1104 and 1105 of the Ethics Act,
65 PzCI.S. § 1104, 1105, with respect to filing Statements of Financial Interests as a
public officia .
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
UTO
Pursuant to Section 1107(10) of the Ethics Act, the person who acts in ood faith on
this Opinion issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so acting
provided the material facts are as stated in the request.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Byte Commission,
Nic o as A. Colafella,
Chair