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ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 19, 2018
To the Requester:
Mr. Gregory J. Wilson
City Manager
City of Lock Haven
Dear Mr. Wilson:
FACSIMILE: 717- 787 -0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.aov
18 -567
This responds to your letters dated September 17, 2018, and September 27,
2018, by which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
P-a.G:S. § 1101 et se q., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual
serving as a Member of the City Council of the City of Lock Haven ( "City "),
Pennsylvania, with regard to performing the duties of his public position, where the
individual's fiancee is an applicant for the position of City Planner /Development
Coordinator.
Facts: As the City Manager, you have been authorized by Joel Long ( "Mr. Long ")
west an advisory from the Commission on his behalf. You have submitted facts
that may be fairly summarized as follows.
Mr. Long is a Member of City Council. Mr. Long is also employed as an Auditor
with the Pennsylvania Department of the Auditor General.
The City has a Council-Manager form of government under the Optional Third
Class City Charter Law, 53 P.S. 41 f se
q. et s. Pursuant to the Administrative Code of
the City of Lock Haven, Pennsylvania ( "qty Administrative Code "), the pposition of City
PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator is established within the City De artment of
Administration, which is headed by the City Manager. The City Plan nerlDevelopment
Coordinator is responsible to the City Manager for the administration, direction and
supervision of City planning and community development services and activities. See,
Part 3, Section 1 -303 of the City Administrative Code. City Council annually sets tFie
wages of the City Planner/Development Coordinator and other City administrative staff.
The City Plan nerlDevelopment Coordinator is mainly responsible for the
application and administration of ggrants that the City receives from the Community
Development Block Grant (" CDBG ") program and other sources, including various
Wilson, 18 -567
November 19, 2018
Page 2
Commonwealth agencies and smaller contributors. The use of CDBG funds is
determined annually by City Council after public hearings.. One annual use of CDBG
funds to reimburse the City for wages and benefits of the City Planner /Development
Coordinator for work done when administering CDBG applications and projects.
The position of City PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator is currently vacant, and
the position has been given a job title of "Director of Sustainable Community
Development" for advertising purposes. Mr. Longs fiancee, Mitzi Gallagher ( "Ms.
Gallagher "), is an applicant for the position of City Planner /Development Coordinator.
Although Ms. Gallagher does not have the training or experience needed to perform the
task of administering CDBG grants for the City, it is the intention of the City to have the
successful applicant for the City Planner/Development Coordinator position trained to
perform that task. If Ms. Gallagher would be the successful applicant, CDBG funds
would be used to reimburse the City for up to thirty percent of her wages during training
and thereafter for work done on CDBG projects.
Based upon the above submitted facts, the question that is presented is whether
the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon Mr. Long with regard to
performing the duties of his position as a Member of City Council, given that his fiancee
is an applicant for the position of City Planner/Development Coordinator.
Discussion: It is initial) noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
e Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. y§§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107000 , (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Member of Cit Council, Mr. Long is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act. It is parenthetically noted that in his capacity as an Auditor
for the Pennsylvania Department of the Auditor General, Mr. Long is a public employee
subject to the Ethics Act.)
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
Q) Voting conflict.- -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
Wilson 18 -567
ber 19, 2018
Page 3
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
Edherein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows.
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holdingg such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation. The abstention requirement would not be
limited merely to voting, but would extend to any use of authority of office including, but
not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular result.
Juliante, Order 809. Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting
comet, Section 11030? of the Ethics Act would require the public official/public
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
Wilson, 18 -567
November 19, 2018
Page 4
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to contracting, provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
The term "contract" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official/public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also provides that the public official/public employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Wilson, 18 -567
ITo—vember 19, 2018
Page 5
In ap lying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised as follows.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. 5 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act, Mr. Long would have a conflict of interest as a Member of City Council
in matters that would financially impact him, a member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his Immediate family is associated. During the
time that Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Long's fiancee, not his spouse, Ms. Gallagher
would not be considered a member of Mr. Longs "immediate family" as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act. Cf., Pulice v. State Ethics Commission, 713 A.2d 161 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1998), allocatur dense , 557 Pa. 6 , 7 998) {Holding that a
relative not encompassed by the g
e family relationshi s listed in the Ethics Act's definition
of the term "immediate family " —in that case, a son-in-law—would not be considered a
member of immediate family). However, when Ms. Gallagher would become Mr. Long's
spouse, she would then be considered a member of Mr. Long's "immediate family" as
that term is defined in the Ethics Act.
You are advised that at such times as Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Long's fiancee
and an applicant for the position of City Planner /Development Coordinator, absent some
basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to Mr. Long, a member
of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated, Mr. Long would not have a conflict of interest under Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act in his capacity as a City Council Member in matter(s)
pertaining to the hiring of a City Planner / evelopment Coordinator. However, if Ms.
Gallagher would become Mr. Long's spouse while she would be an applicant for such
position, Mr. Long would then have a conflict of interest in matter(s) pertaining to the
hiring of a City Planner /Development Coordinator.
You are further advised that if Ms. Gallagher would become employed as the City
Planner /Development Coordinator, to the extent that Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Long's
spouse and not his fiancee while employed in such position, Mr. Long generally would
have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matter(s) before
City Council that would financially impact him or his spouselhis spouse's employment
as the City Planner /Development Coordinator.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, Mr. Long would be required to abstain
from participation, which would include voting unless a voting conflict exception of
Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event
of a voting conflict.
Finally, the restrictions of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have to be
observed whenever applicable.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability f any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the City Administrative Code.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) Joel Long ( "Mr. Long ") is a
Member of-City Council of the City of Lock Haven ( "City "), Pennsylvania; (2) Mr. Long is
also employed as an Auditor with the Pennsylvania Department of the Auditor General;
Philthe City has a Council- Manager form of government under the Optional Third Class
y Charter Law, 53 P.S. § 41101, et seq.; (4) pursuant to the Administrative Code of
e City of Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, the position of City Planner /Development
Coordinator is established within the City Department of Administration, which is
Wilson, 18 -567
November 19, 2018
Page 6
headed by the City Manager; (5) the City Planner /Development Coordinator is
responsible to the City Manager for the administration, direction and supervision of City
planning and community development services and activities; (6) City Council annually
sets the wages of the City PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator and other City
administrative staff; (7) the City PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator is mainly responsible
for the application and administration of grants that the City receives from the
Community Development Block Grant ( "CDBG ") program and other sources, including
various Commonwealth agencies and smaller contributors; (8) the use of CDBG funds
is determined annually by City Council after public hearings. (9) one annual use of
CDBG funds that is approved by City Council is the setting aside of administration and
planning funds to reimburse the City for wages and benefits of the City
PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator for work done when administering CDBG
applications and projects; (10) the position of City Plan nerlDevelopment Coordinator is
currently vacant, and the position has been given a job title of "Director of Sustainable
Community Development' for advertising purposes; (11) Mr. Long's fiancee, Mitzi
Gallagher ( "Ms. Gallagher "), is an applicant for the position of City PlannerlDevelopment
Coordinator; (12) although Ms. Gallagher does not have the training or experience
needed to perform the task of administering CDBG grants for the City, It is the intention
of the City to have the successful applicant for the City Planner/Development
Coordinator position trained to perform that task; and (13) if Ms. Gallagher would be the
successful applicant, CDBG funds would be used to reimburse the City for up to thirty
percent of her wages during training and thereafter for work done on CDBG projects,
you are advised as follows.
As a Member of City Council, Mr. Long is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act' ), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et sue. (It is parenthetically noted that in his capacity as an Auditor for the
Pennsylvania De artment of the Auditor General, Mr. Long is a public employee subject
to the Ethics Act.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act, Mr. Long would have a conflict of interest as a Member of City Council
in matters that would financially impact him, a member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. During the
time that Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Long's fiancee, not his spouse, Ms. Gallagher
would not be considered a member of Mr. Long's "immediate family" as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act. However, when Ms. Gallagher would become Mr. Long's
spouse, she would then be considered a member of Mr. Long's "immediate family" as
that term is defined in the Ethics Act.
At such times as Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Longs fiancee and an applicant for
the position of City Planner/Development Coordinator, absent some basis for a conflict
of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to Mr long, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated,
Mr. Long would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
his capacity as a City Council Member in matter(s) pertaining to the hiring of a City
Planner/Development Coordinator. However, if Ms. Gallagher would become Mr.
Long's spouse while she would be an applicant for such position, Mr. Long would then
have a conflict of interest in matter(s) pertaining to the hiring of a City
PlannerlDevelopment Coordinator.
If Ms. Gallagher would become employed as the City Planner/Development
Coordinator, to the extent that Ms. Gallagher would be Mr. Long's spouse and not his
fiancee while employed in such position, Mr. Long generally would have a conflict of
interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matter(s) before City Council that
would financially impact him or his spouselhis spouse's employment as the City
Planner/Development Coordinator.
Wilson, 18 -567
No- vember 19, 2018
Page 7
In each instance of a conflict of interest, Mr. Long would be required to abstain
from particippation, which would include voting unless a voting conflict exception of
Section 1103O') of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11036) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event
of a voting conflict.
The restrictions of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have to be observed
whenever applicable. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully.all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be actual)
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the dateotthis
Advice ursuant to 51' Pa. Code § 93.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
.� ^ Y
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel