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ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 18, 2018
To the Requester:
Mr. Jamar L. Kelly, MSA
Dear Mr. Kelly:
FACSIMILE: 717 -787 -0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
18 -534
This responds to your letter dated April 30, 2018, and your submissions received
May 8, 2018, and May 10, 2018, by which you requested an advisory from the
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa (7S. § 1101 et se q., would impose restrictions upon employment of a Local
Government Policy Specialist following termination of employment with the
Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development (`DCED ").
Facts: You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted
a�tsThat may be fairly summarized as follows.
You are presently employed as a Local Government Policy Specialist with
DCED. You have submitted copies of your official Commonwealth position description
and the ob classification specifications for your position (job code 16860), which
documents are incorporated herein by reference.
You are considering applying for the Administrative Services Director position
with the City of Reading ( "City "). You seek to clarify a concern regarding the City's Act
47 status and any potential conflict of interest. You state that the Managing Director for
the City is the primary point of contact between the City and DCED regarding the City's
financial status.
You state your understanding that if you would obtain the aforesaid position with
the City, you would have to avoid any interaction with DCED staff for at least one full
year following termination of your employment with DCED.
Discussion: It is initial) noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the 'i�cs -Act, 65 Pa.C.S. y§§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Kelly, 18 -534
May 18, 2018
Page 2
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Act, an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct. To
the extent that your inquiry relates to conduct that has already occurred, such past
conduct may not be addressed in the context of an advisory opinion. However, to the
extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may and shall be addressed.
Pursuant to Section 1103(x) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from engaging in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employyee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received b holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. The use of
authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any use of authority of
office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a
particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person
shall offer or ive to a public official/public employee anything of monetary value and no
public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
Kelly, 18 -534
May 18, 2018
Page 3
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official/public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the questions presented.
As a Local Government Policy pecialist with DCED, you would be considered a
it employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1; cf., Ruff, Advice 10 -502. This
conclusion is ased upon the position description and--the job classification
specifications, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate clearly that the
power exists to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; administering or
monitoring grants or subsidies; planning or zoning; inspecting; licensingg; regulating;
auditing; or other activity(ies) where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with DCED, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.'
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public officiallpublic
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a er�son, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental bodv with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Represent. To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
1 You have not inquired as to whether, in the position of Administrative Services Director for the City, you
would be considered a public employee subject to the Ethics Act, and the submitted facts are insufficient
to make a determination in that regard. In any event, the response to your inquiry would not vary based
upon the answer to that question.
Kell��, 18 -534
May 18, 2018
Page 4
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public officiaTTpu6l c employee himself,
Confidential Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur,
Opinion 95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any
person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: 1), personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts o influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former ggovernmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(8) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official/
public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental
body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination of service
with such governmental body. .Shad, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee worked, the name of
the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(8) only restricts the former public official/public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
roIII
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; SI, Opinion 90 -006 Sh arp, pinion 90 -009- .
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been
associated upon termination of your employment with DCED would be DCED in its
entirety. Therefore, for the first year following termination of your employment with
Kelly, 18-534
May 18, 2018
Page 5
DCED, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a
"person" before DCED.
You are advised that during the first year following termination of your
employment with DCED, Section 1103(8) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
serving as the Administrative Services DDirector for the City subject to the condition that
in so doing, you would not engage in prohibited representation before DCED as set
forth above.
With regard to Section 1103(x) of the Ethics Act, an advisory cannot provide a
ruling as to past conduct. You are general) advised that the elements of a violation of
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would y not be established as a result of your
prospectively entering into a business/employment relationship with the City subject to
the conditions that you: (1) did not use the authority of your public position with DCED in
matter(s) pertaining to the City when you had an actual or reasonable expectation that
you would enter into a business/employment arrangement with the City or would
otherwise receive a private pecuniary , benefit relating to the City; and (2) did not
otherwise use the authority of your public position with DCED or confidential information
received as a result of being in your public position with DCED in furtherance of
securing a business/employment arrangement with the City or other private pecuniary
benefit relating to the City. Cf., Desmond, Opinion 08 -004.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of an other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Local Government Policy Specialist with the Pennsylvania
DepartmenT of Community and Economic Development ( "DCED "), you would be
considered a "public employee" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
Emission, ics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. 1101 et seg., and the Regulations of the State Ethics
51 Pa. Code § 11.1 et sue,. Upon termination of your employment with
DCED, you would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(8) of the
Ethics Act. The former governmental body would be DCED in its entirety. For the first
year following termination of your employment with DCED, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person" before DCED. During the
first year following termination of your employment with DCED, Section 1103(8) of the
Ethics Act would not prohibit you from serving as the Administrative Services Director
for the City of Reading ( "City" subject to the condition that in so doing, you would not
engage in prohibited represen Ltion before DCED as set forth above. The restrictions as
to representation outlined above must be followed. With regard to Section 1103(a) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), an advisory cannot provide a ruling as to past
conduct. You are generally advised that the elements of a violation of Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act would not be established as a result of your pprospectively entering Into
a business/employment relationship with the City subject to conditions that you: (1)
did not use the authority of your public position with DCED in matter(s) pertaining to the
City when you had an actual or reasonable expectation that you would enter into a
business/employment arrangement with the City r would otherwise receive a private
pecuniary benefit relating to the City; and (2) did not otherwise use the authority of your
public position with DCED or confidential information received as a result of being in
your public position with DCED in furtherance of securing a business/employment
arrangement with the City or other private pecuniary benefit relating to the City.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Kell , 18 -534
May 18, 2018
Page 6
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the dateoft�
Advice ursuant to 59 Pa. Code § 1�3,2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (71'7 -787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
r
%Ro M. Hittie
Chief Counsel