HomeMy WebLinkAbout18-003 ConfidentialPHONE: 717 -783 -1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717- 787 -0806
TOLL FREE: 1- 800 -932 -0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.e €hics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120 -0400
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: Nicholas A. Colafelia, Chair
Mark R. Corrigan, Vice Chair
Roger Nick
Melanie DePalma
Monique Myatt - Galloway
DATE DECIDED: 2120118
DATE MAILED: 2122118
18 -003
To the Requester:
This Opinion is issued in response to your communications dated Jdate], by which
you requested a confidential advisory opinion from the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission ( "Commission ").
L ISSUE:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S.
1101 et seq., would impose restrictions upon ou with regard to serving as an A where: (1)
in a private capacity, you are employed by B the "Firm ") as its C -1 and C -2; (2) the Firm is
a D firm that provides [type of serviced to [type of clients]; and (3) Firm clients include Es,
one of which is an F, and others of which are not Fs and may be G.
IL FACTUAL BASIS FOR DETERMINATION:
You request a confidential advisory opinion from this Commission based upon the
following submitted facts.
In a public capacity, you are an A, having recently been appointed to that position.
In a private capacity, you are employed by the Firm as its C -1 and C -2. The Firm is
a D firm that provides [type of services] to type of clients]. Firm clients include Es, one of
which is an F, and others of which are not Fs and may be G.
Your duties and responsibilities as C -1 of the Firm include negotiating contracts
between the Firm and its clients.
As C -1 and C -2 of the Firm, you are both an employee receiving H and an I
receiving Js based upon the Firm's Ks. You state that while you do not provide any
[particular types of services] for the Firm and therefore do not receive Ls based upon Ms
awarded to the Firm from any particular client, your compensation is impacted by the Ks of
Confidential Opinion, 18 -003
February 22, 2018
Page 2
the Firm, and the Ns received from all clients are a fundamental component in the
calculation of the Firm's Ks. You state that your annual compensation does not fluctuate
based upon the gain or loss of any particular client's M during the course of that annual
period and that it is not practical to disaggregate your compensation into segments
attributable to the M(s) from any specific client.
The Firm was recently awarded an M to [provide certain services ] on behalf of O. O
is a new Firm client, and it apparently is the only Firm client that is both an E and an F.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you pose the following specific questions to
be addressed by this Commission:
(1) Whether negotiating a contract between the Firm and O in your capacity as
C -1 of the Firm while serving as an A would cause you to transgress the
Ethics Act given the Ps, and in particular, [statutory provision];
(2) If the answer to the foregoing question would be in the affirmative, whether
such a transgression would be avoided if another employee of the Firm
would perform such duties instead of you;
(3) Whether negotiating contracts between the Firm and Es which are not Fs
(whether G), while serving as an A, would cause you to transgress the Ethics
Act given the Ps, and in particular, [statutory provision]; and
(4) Whether your receipt of compensation from the Firm will ppose a conflict after
the O contract has been executed and the Firm begins to receive payment
pursuant to that contract.
You state that once a contract has been executed in relation to the services to be
provided by the Firm on behalf of O and for the duration of your affiliation with the Firm,
you would abstain from participation in your public capacity in any matter involving a Q of O
who was involved in the award of the D contract to the Firm.
By letter dated February 12, 2018, you were notified of the date, time and location of
the executive meeting at which your request would be considered.
III. DISCUSSION:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act,
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based Upon the facts
that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted, this Commission does not engage in an independent
investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It
is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant to the
inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As an A, you would be considered a "public official" subject to the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict.- -Where voting conflicts are not
Confidential Opinion, 15 -003
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Page 3
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by
any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his interest
as a public record in a written memorandum filed with the
person responsible for recording the minutes of the meeting at
which the vote Is taken, provided that whenever a governing
body would be unable to take any action on a matter before it
because the number of members of the body required to
abstain from voting under the provisions of this section makes
the majority or other legally, required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the
case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest and the remaining two members
of the governing body have cast opposing votes, the member
who has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The term does not include an action
having a de minimis economic impact or which affects to the
same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group
which includes the public official or public employee, a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company, joint
stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity organized
for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or has
a financial interest.
Confidential Opinion, 18 -003
February 22, 2018
Page 4
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information
received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any use
of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and
lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally,
the disclosure requirements of Section 11 030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied
in the event of a voting conflict.
The following additional statutory and regulatory provisions and definitions are also
relevant to your request:
[statutory provision and cite/.
rstatutory definition and cif.
Regulatory definition and cite].
[regulatory provisions and cif.
You are advised that the Firm is a business with which you are associated.
Depending upon the particular facts and circumstances that may anse, you could have a
conflict of interest under the Ethics Act in Rs involving the Firm, Firm clients, and/or Qs of
same. It is recommended that you consult the S applicable to As, [cite], and seek further
advice from this Commission should a potential conflict arise. In each instance of a conflict
of interest, you would be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting
unless one of the statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be
applicable. Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act
would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
In app lying the Ethics Act to your first and second specific questions, you are
advised as follows.
During such times as you are an A, statutory provision, cite generally would prohibit
you from [engaging in certain conduct] uniMs either [exception 1.
Negotiating a contract between the Firm and O in your capacity as C -1 of the Firm
while serving as an A would cause you to traness [statutory provision] because such
negotiations would constitute [certain conduct]. ?Co T avoid transgressing [statutory. provision]
while serving as an A, you must remove yourself from any involvement with [certain
conduct O, including but not limited to contract negotiations. You would avoid running
afoul of statutory provision] as to contract negotiations between the Firm and O if another
employee of the Firm wound perform such duties without any involvement by you. Cf.,
[cite].
You are further advised that during such times as you are an A, [statutory provision,
cite] would prohibit you from having any involvement or taking any action as to O as a Firm
client to the extent such involvement/act�on would constitute [certain conduct]. [Cites].
Confidential Opinion, 18 -003
February 22, 2018
Page 5
In response to your third question, we determine that negotiating contracts between
the Firm and Es which are not Fs (whether G), while serving as an A, would not cause you
to transgress the Ethics Act. Although on its face, [statutory definition] may include such
clients, it is a fundamental principle of statutory construction that "the General Assembly
does not intend a result that is absurd, impossible of execution or unreasonable." 1
Pa.C.S. § 1922. Cf., [cite]. We conclude that it would be an absurd or unreasonable
interpretation to apply [statutory provision, cite] with regard to Firm clients or prospective
Firm clients which are not Fs.
In response to your fourth question, we determine that your receipt of compensation
from the Firm after the O contract has been executed and the Firm begins to receive
payment pursuant to that contract would not, in and of itself, cause you to transgress the
Ethics Act. However, as noted above, during such times as you are an A, [statutorryy
provision, cite] would prohibit you from having any involvement or taking any action as to O
as a Firm client to the extent such involvementlaction would constitute [certain conduct].
[Cites].
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act.
IV. CONCLUSION:
As an A, you would be considered a "public official" subject to the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. � 1101 et se q., and the Regulations of the
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission "), 51 Pa. Code § 11.1 et sseeg Based
upon the submitted facts that: (1) in a private capacity, you are employed by B (the "Firm ")
as its C -1 and C -2; (2) the Firm is a D firm that provides [type of services] to [type of
clients]; (3) Firm clients include Es, one of which is an F, and others of which are not Fs
and ma be G; (4) your duties and responsibilities as C-1 of the Firm include negotiating
contrac s between the Firm and its clients; (5) as C-1 and C-2 of the Firm, you are both an
employee receiving H and an I receiving Js based upon the Firm's Ks; (6) while you do not
provide any [particular types of services] far the Firm and therefore do not receive Ls based
upon Ms awarded to the Firm from any particular client, your compensation is impacted by
the Ks of the Firm, and the Ns received #rom all clients are a fundamental component in the
calculation of the Firm's Ks; (7) your annual compensation does not fluctuate based upon
the gain or loss of any particular client`s M during the course of that annual period; (8) it is
not practical to disaggregate your compensation into segments attributable to the M(s) from
any specific client; (9) the Firm was recently awarded an M to (provide certain services] on
be a f of O; and (100) O is a new Firm client, and it apparently is the only Firm client that is
both an E and an F, you are advised as follows.
The Firm is a business with which you are associated. Depending upon the
particular facts and circumstances that may arise, you could have a conflict of interest
under the Ethics Act in Rs involving the Firm, Firm clients, and/or Qs of same. It is
recommended that you consult the S applicable to As, [cite], and seek further advice from
this Commission should a potential conflict arise. In each instance of a conflict of interest,
you would be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one
of the statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to
be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
During such times as you are an A, (statutory provision, cite generally would prohibit
you from [engaging in certain conduct] unless either [exception 1.
Negotiating a contract between the Firm and O in your capacity as C -1 of the Firm
while serving as an A would cause you to transggress [statutory provision] because such
negotiations would constitute [certain conduct]. To avoid transgressing [statutory provision]
while serving as an A, you must remove yourself from any involvement with [certain
conduct] O, including but not limited to contract negotiations. You would avoid running
Confidential Opinion, 18003
e ruary
Page 6
afoul of [statutory provision] as to contract negotiations between the Firm and O if another
employee of the Firm would perform such duties without any involvement by you.
You are further advised that during such times as you are an A, [statutory provision,
cite] would prohibit you from having any involvement or taking any action as to O as a Firm
client to the extent such involvement/action would constitute [certain conduct]. [Cites].
Negotiating contracts between the Firm and Es which are not Fs (whether G), while
serving as an A, would not cause you to transgress the Ethics Act.
Your receipt of compensation from the Firm after the O contract has been executed
and the Firm begins to receive payment pursuant to that contract would not, in and of itself,
cause you to transgress the Ethics Act.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act.
Pursuant to Section. 1107(10), the person who acts in good faith on this Opinion
issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so acting provided the
material facts are as stated in the request.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
By t e Commission,
Ni olas A. Colafella
Chair
A1
Commissioner Michael A. Schwartz and Commissioner Shelley Y. Simms recused
themselves from this matter.