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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE. BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120 -0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 22, 2018
To the Requester:
J. Michael Wiley, Esquire
McCormick Law Firm
Dear Mr. Wiley:
FACSIMILE: 717- 787 -0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
18 -501
This responds to your letter dated November 29, 2017, by which you requested
an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 55
P—a-.CS. §'1101 et se g., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual
serving as a school director, who in a rivate capacity is employed as a nurse with a
corporation that has a contract to provide substitute school nurses to the school district,
with regard to accepting assignments from the corporation to serve as a substitute
school nurse for the school district.
Facts: As Solicitor for the Selinsgrove Area School District ( "School District "),
owed in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, you have been authorized by Amelia Stauffer
"Ms. Stauffer "), who is a School Director for the School District, to request an advisory
rom the Commission on her behalf. You have submitted facts that may be fairly
summarized as follows.
A corporation named "BAYADA Home Health Care, Inc." (the "Corporation ") has
a contract (the "Contract ") with the School District for the provision of substitute school
nurses. The Contract is effective from August 29, 2017, through June 1, 2018, and the
parties have the right to extend the term of the Contract. Pursuant to the Contract, the
Corporation provides the School District with an RN or LPN to serve as a substitute
school nurse. The Corporation is compensated on an hourly basis for the substitute
services provided under the Contract.
In November 2017, Ms. Stauffer was elected as a School Director for the School
District for a term of office beginning on December 4, 2017.
In a private capacity, Ms. Stauffer is employed as a nurse with the Corporation.
Before Ms. Stauffer was elected as a School Director, she was occasionally assigned
by the Corporation to serve as a substitute school nurse for the School District, Ms.
Stauffer was compensated through the Corporation for providing the aforesaid
substitute services to the School District.
Wile , 18 -501
January 22, 2018
Page 2
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would
impose prohibitions or restrictions upon Ms. Stauffer with regard to accepting
assignments from the Corporation to serve as a substitute school nurse for the School
District.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10 }, (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully discllosed all of the material facts.
As a School Director for the School District, Ms. Stauffer is a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
0) Voting conflict.- -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
pprovided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 6).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Wiley, 18-501
January 22, 2018
Page 3
"Conflict"" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employyee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary enefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of dunes and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." An corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding compan ,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public officelemployment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 11036) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to contracting, provides as follows:
§ 11 03. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
wile , 18 -501
January 22, 2018
Page 4
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
The term "contract" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official /public
employee, his spouse or .child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the Qovernmental body.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also provides that the public official /public employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
It is administratively noted that the Public School Code provides in part:
§ 3 -324, Not to be employed by or do business with
district; exceptions
(a) No school director shall, during the term for which he
was elected or appointed, as a private person engaged in
any business transaction with the school district in which he
is elected or appointed, be employed in any capacity by the
school district in which he is elected or appointed, or receive
Wile , 18 -501
January 22, 2018
Page 5
from such school district any pay for services rendered to the
district except as provided in this act...
(c) It shall not be a violation of this section for a school
district to contract for the purchase of goods or services from
a business with which a school director is associated to the
extent permitted by and in compliance with 65 Pa.C.S. Ch.
11 (relating to ethics standards and financial disclosure).
24 P.S. § 3-324(a), (c). On its face, Section 3- 324(c) of the Public School Code permits
contracting between school districts and businesses with which school directors are
associated as long as the requirements of the Ethics Act are observed.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised as follows.
The Corporation is a business with which Ms. Stauffer is associated in her
capacity as an employee. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of
"conflict" or "conflict of interest" as set forth in Section 1102 of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Ms. Stauffer would have a conflict
of interest as a School Director in matters that would financially impact her or the
Corporation.
Section 1103(x) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit Ms. Stauffer, in her private
capacity as an employee of the Corporation, from accepting assignments from the
Corporation to serve as a substitute school nurse for the School District while serving as
a School Director for the School District. However, in her public capacity as a School
Director, Ms. Stauffer generally would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act with regard to matter(s) pertaining to the Corporation or the Contract,
including but not limited to overseeing work performed b the Corporation relative to the
Contract or participating in matter(s) involving extension (ys) /renewal(s) of the Contract or
future contract(s) between the School District and the Corporation. In addition, Ms.
Stauffer enerally would have a conflict of interest with regard to voting to approve
payments) to the Corporation.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, Ms. Stauffer would be required to
abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 1103 0) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the
disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied
in the event of a voting conflict.
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have
to be observed whenever applicable. Section 1103(f) would not be applicable to the
Contract given that the Contract was not entered into at a time when Ms. Stauffer was
serving as a School Director. Cf., Lind, Advice 16 -547; Shearer, Advice 15 -539;
Confidential Advice, 14 -514; Lew Advice 13 -587. However, any
extension(s) /renewal(s) of the Contract or future contract(s) between the School District
and the Corporation valued at $500.00 or more would be subject to the restrictions and
requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act to the extent that: (1) Ms. Stauffer
would be a School District School Director; and (2) the Corporation would remain a
business with which Ms. Stauffer is associated.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Wk y, 18 -501
anuary 22, 2018
Page 6
Conclusion: As a School Director for the Selinsgrove Area School District
c o0 I Nstrict"), located in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, Amanda Stauffer ( "Ms.
tauffer ") is a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ") 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1101 et seq. Based upon the submitted facts
that: (1) a corporation named "BAYADA Home Health Care, Inc." (the " Corporation")
has a contract (the Contract, ) with the School District for the provision of substitute
school nurses; (2) the Contract is effective from August 29, 2017, through ,tune 1, 2018,
and the parties have the right to extend the term of the Contract; (3) pursuant to the
Contract, the Corporation provides the School District with an RN or LPN to serve as a
substitute school nurse; (4) the Corporation is compensated on an hourly basis for the
substitute services provided under the Contract; (5) in November 2017, Ms. Stauffer
was elected as a School Director for the School District for a term of office beginning on
December 4, 2017; (6) in a private capacity, Ms. Stauffer is employed as a' nurse with
the Corporation; (7) before Ms. Stauffer was elected as a School Director, she was
occasionally assigned by the Corporation to serve as a substitute school nurse for the
School District; and (8) Ms. Stauffer was compensated through the Corporation for
providing the aforesaid substitute services to the School District, you are advised as
follows.
The Corporation is a business with which Ms. Stauffer is associated in her
capacity, as an employee. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of
"conflict" or "conflict of interest" as set forth in Section 1102 of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Ms. Stauffer would have a conflict
of interest as a School Director in matters that would financially impact her or the
Corporation.
Section 1103(x) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit Ms. Stauffer, in her private
capacity as an employee of the Corporation, from accepting assignments from the
Corporation to serve as a substitute school nurse for the School District while serving as
a School Director for the School District. However, in her public capacity as a School
Director, Ms. Stauffer generally would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act with regard to matter(s) pertaining to the Corporation or the Contract,
including but not limited to overseeing work performed b the Corporation relative to the
Contract or participating in matter(s) involving extension (s)Irenewal(s) of the Contract or
future contract(s) between the School District and the CCorporation. In addition, Ms.
Stauffer enerally would have a conflict of interest with regard to voting to approve
payments) to the Corporation.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, Ms. Stauffer would be required to
abstain from participation, (which would include voting unless one of the statutory
disclosure refquirrementslof3 e tion 110t30)sof the Ethics s A tpwlouid lhavetolbensaltisfied
in the event of a voting conflict.
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have
to be observed whenever applicable. Section 1103(f) would not be applicable to the
Contract given that the Contract was not entered into at a time when Ms. Stauffer was
serving as a School Director. However, any extension(s)/renewal(s) of the Contract or
future contract(s) between the School District and the Corporation valued at $500.00 or
more would be subject to the restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f� of the
Ethics Act to the extent that: (1) Ms. Stauffer would be a School District School Director;
and (2) the Corporation would remain a business with which Ms. Stauffer is associated.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Wiley, 18 -501
,lanuary 22, 2018
Page 7
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully.all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have an
yy
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the fu11
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date o t ►s
vice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § ?3.2(h). The appeal may b
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787. 0806). Failure to
Me such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Since, ly,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel