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ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 18, 2018
To the Requester:
Paul Jay Bach, Ph.D.
Dear Dr. Bach:
FACSIMILE: 717- 787 -0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
18.500
This responds to your letter dated November 30, 2017, by which you requested
an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
STS. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions upon employment of a Licensed
Psychologist Manager, Corrections following termination of employment with the
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections.
Facts: You request an advisory from the Commission regarding the post -
empTiyment restrictions of the Ethics Act. You have submitted facts that may be fairly
summarized as follows.
You are current) employed as a Licensed Psychologist Manager, Corrections
with the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections ( "Department of Corrections ") at SCI
Dallas. You have submitted a copy of a position description for the position of Licensed
Psychologist Manager, Corrections, which document is incorporated herein by
reference. A copy of the job classification specifications for the position of Licensed
Psychologist Manager, Corrections (job code 43100) has been obtained and is also
incorporated herein by reference.
A company named "MHM Correctional Services" (the "Company ") provides
psychological and psychiatric services to various Commonwealth entities, including SCI
Dallas. The psychiatric care provider at SCI Dallas is employed by the Company. In
your current Commonwealth position, you consult with the aforesaid provider
approximately two or three times per week with regard to the mental health care of
inmates at SCI Dallas.
You have been offered a position as a Licensed Psychologist with the Company.
In your proposed position with the Company, you would provide psychological services
to patients at Clarks Summit State Hospital, a facility of the Pennsylvania Department of
Human Services. You state that the Company would only administer your salary and
benefits and that you would be answerable to other professionals at Clarks Summit.
You further state that you would have no contact with the Department of Corrections in
your proposed position with the Company.
Bach, 18 -500
Tary 18, 2018
Page 2
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose any prohibitions
or restrictions upon you with regard to accepting employment as a Licensed
Psychologist for the Company.
Discussion: It is initial! y noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
e Ethics—Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not en age in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§§ 11070 0 , (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully discosed all of the material facts.
As a Licensed Psychologist Manager, Corrections for the Department of
Corrections, you would be considered a "public employee" subject to the Ethics Act and
the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code
gescri 11.1; Manganelli, Advice 12 -547. This conclusion is based upon the position
ption and the job classification specifications, which when reviewed on an
ob'ect,ve basis, indicate clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official
action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to one or more of the following:
contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring grants or subsidies; planning or
zoning; inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other activity (ies) where the
economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with the Department of
Corrections, you would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g)
of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103 (g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public off iciallpublic
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter a ore the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Represent. To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
Bach, 18 -500
Tanuary 18, 2018
Page 3
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public emplo ee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public officiaVp__ub J employee himself,
Confidential Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur,
pinion 95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any
person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: 1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are sig.ned by or contain the name of
the former public official /public employee; (4) participang in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official/
public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental
body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination of service
with such governmental body. S, hay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee worked, the name of
the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. AbramsANebster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public officiallpublic employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for, the new employer.
Section 1103 g0g only restricts the former public official/public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
officiallpublic employyee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official/public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official/public employee had influence or
Bach, 18 -500
Tanuary 18, 2018
Page 4
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been
associated upon termination of your employment with the Department of Corrections
would be the Department of Corrections in its entirety, including but not limited to SCI
Dallas. Therefore, for the first year following termination of your employment with the
Department of Corrections, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
"representation" of a "person" before the Department of Corrections.
You are advised that Section 1103(gL of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you
from accepting employment as a License Psychologist for the Company. However,
during the first year following termination of your employment with the Department of
Corrections, Section 1103(8) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from performing any
job duty(ies) that would involve prohibited representation before the Department of
Corrections as set forth above.
Based upon the facts that have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no
use of authority of office or employment, or confidential information received by being in
the public position, for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a) of
the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics
Act provide in part that no person shall offer or give to a public official /public employee
and no public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value
based upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Licensed Psychologist Manager, Corrections for the
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections ( "Department of Corrections "), you would be
considered a "public employee" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
("Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, 51 Pa. Code § 11.1 et seq. Upon termination of your employment with the
Department of Corrections, you would become a "former public employee" subject to
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former governmental body would be the
Department o Corrections in its entirety, including but not limited to SCI Dallas. For the
first year following termination of your employment with the Department of Corrections,
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person"
before the Department of Corrections. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from accepting
employment as a Licensed Psychologist for a company named "MHM Correctional
Services." However, during the first year following termination of your employment with
the Department of Corrections, Section 1103(8) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you
from performing any job duty(ies) that would involve prohibited representation before
the Department of Corrections as set forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
Bach, 18 -500
Tanuary 18, 2018
Page 5
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be _actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § f3.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Since ely,
Z:;�k .0 o / � Atz��-
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel