HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-672 MillerDear Mr. Miller:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108-1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 29, 1988
Mr. Howard F. Miller 88 -672
AMCP, Inc.
R.D. 2, Box 5
Industrial Parkway Road
Muncy, PA 17756
Re: Conflict of Interest, Second Class Township Supervisor,
Wting, Business with which he is Associated, Rule of
Necessity
This responds to your letter of December 21, 1988, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act imposes any prohibition or
restrictions upon a second class township supervisor from voting
as to a connector road to an industrial park when the supervisor
is a part owner of one of the businesses located within the
Industrial Park.
Facts: You state that you are a township supervisor in Muncy
Creek Township, Lycoming County and that you are part owner of
AMCP, Inc., which is a manufacturer located in Muncy Industrial
Park, Muncy Creek Township, Lycoming County. Through the
assistance of the Lycoming County Planning Commission, you note
that the township has planned to install a 300 foot connector
road from the Industrial Parkway Road to State Route 18 so as to
serve the Industrial Park traffic flow and increase potential
growth. You then advise that the current businesses that are in
Muncy Industrial Park are Kellogs Company, ADS Drainage Systems,
Inc., Charloette Pipe and Foundry, Data Papers Inc., Construction
Specialties, Inc., and AMCP, Inc. You then state that the
Lycoming County Planning Commission has obtained a 100% financing
through the state for this project and that all preliminary
applications have been completed. You then advise that Mr. Mark
Murawski from the Planning Commission has advised you that the he
has received final approval and needs a formal resolution at a
Howard F. Miller
December 29, 1988
Page 2
public meeting before December 31, 1988. After noting that one
of your present supervisors was admitted to the hospital on
December 20, with serious health (problems), you state that the
resolution of this issue rests with you and the third supervisor.
Since the supervisor who is ill will be unable to attend or vote
on the issue, you request advice as to how you can resolve this
problem under the Ethics Act.
Discussion: As a second class township supervisor, you are a
"public official" as that term is defined under the ::thics Act.
65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. As such, your conduct is subject
to the provisions of the Ethics Act and the restrictions therein
are applicable to you.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law
for himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he is
associated. 65 P.S. §403(a).
Under Section 3(a) quoted above, the State Ethics Commission
has determined that use of office by a public official to obtain
a financial gain for himself or a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he is associated which is not provided
for in law transgresses the above provision of law. Thus, use of
office by a public official to obtain a financial gain which is
not authorized as part of his compensation is prohibited by
Section 3(a): Hoak /McCutcheon, Orders No. 128, 129, affirmed
McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. Ct. 529, 466
A.2d 283 (1983); Yacobet, Order No. 412 -R, affirmed Yacobet v.
State Ethics Commission, 109 Pa. Commw. Ct. 432, 531 A.2d 536
(1987). Similarly, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit
a public official /employee from using public office to advance
his own interests; Koslow, Order 458 -R, affirmed Koslow v. State
Ethics Commission, Pa. Commw. Ct. , 540 A.2d 1374 (1988).
Likewise, a public official /employee may not use the status or
position of public office for his own personal advantage; Huff,
Opinion 84 -015.
Section 2. Definitions.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of
Howard F. Miller
December 29, 1988
Page 3
the person's immediate family is a director,
officer, owner, employee or holder of stock.
65 P.S. §402.
Since you are a part owner of AMCP Inc., it is clear that
that company is a business with which you are associated as that
term is defined under the Ethics Act. Additionally, since you
would be voting on a matter of a connector road which would
specifically enure to the benefit of AMCP Inc., as well as the
other companies located in the Muncy Industrial Park, it is clear
that you would have a conflict of interest under Section 3(a) of
the Ethics Act. However, since Muncy Creek Township has a three
member Board of Supervisors and since one supervisor is ill in
the hospital and since you have a conflict, only one supervisor
would be able to proceed; however, the township could not resolve
the matter on the basis of the vote of only one supervisor.
Although public officials must normally abstain in voting or
participating in matters wherein they have a conflict of
interest, the "rule of necessity" operates in instances where the
governmental body could not function in light of the conflict of
interests of one or several members of that governmental body.
If there is no provision for the substitution of third parties
for the officials who have a conflict of interest or there is no
provision for an alternative forum, then the "rule of necessity"
would operate because the governmental body would be unable to
otherwise function. The Commission opined in the Hahalis,
Opinion 83 -009, that if there is no provision for substitution of
parties or an alternative forum, the normally disqualified
member(s) under the "rule of necessity," could participate in
forming a quorum; additionally he /they could vote provided the
normally qualified member (or members) was present. In addition,
the Commission opined that the governmental body must give
advance notice to the public that matters will be considered
which require the application of the "rule of necessity" and
further that the public record should show the reason for the
application of the rule.
Therefore, in applying the rule of necessity, assuming there
is no provision for this substitution of a third party or for a
alternative forum to resolve the issue, the rule will operate and
allow you to participate provided that advance notice be given to
the public that matters will be considered which require
application of the rule of necessity and further that the public
record show the reason for the application of that rule. If the
foregoing conditions of the rule of necessity are satisfied, then
you may proceed to participate and vote subject to the
qualifications as noted above.
Howard F. Miller
December 29, 1988
Page 4
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a second class township supervisor in Muncy Creek
Township you are a public official subject to the provisions of
the Ethics Act. Regarding the voting for a connector road to an
Industrial Park wherein you are a part owner of a company that is
located in that park, you would have a conflict of interest in
voting. However, due to the fact that a second township
supervisor is seriously ill and will not be able to participate,
then the rule of necessity would allow you to vote provided there
is no provision for the substitution of a third party or an
alternative forum to resolve the particular issue. In addition,
the rule of necessity would require public notice that matters
will considered which require the application of the rule of
necessity and further that the public record show the reason for
the application of that rule. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel