HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-668 RussellMr. Mark H. Russell
R.D. #2, Box 4020
Country Club Drive
Ellwood, PA 16117
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 19, 1988
88 -668
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), DER, Solid Waste
Specialist
Dear Mr. Russell:
This responds to your letter of November 13, 1988, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Department of Environmental Resources.
Facts: After stating that you are currently employed by the
Department of Environmental Resources, hereinafter DER, in the
Bureau of Waste Management, hereinafter BWM, Operations Sections,
as a Solid Waste Specialist in the Beaver Falls District Office,
hereinafter Office, since October 1, 1981, you state that the
Office is located in the ten county Pittsburgh Region of DER.
After noting that from October, 1981, through November, 1981,
your field consisted of all of Beaver County, you then advise
that from November, 1982 to the present your field area has
consisted only of the northern portion of the county. You state
that as a Solid Waste Specialist you are responsible for
determining compliance with the Pennsylvania Solid Waste
Management Act as to industries within your field area. You
state that since November, 1982 compliance of industries with the
BWM program in the southern portion of the county has been
handled by another solid waste specialist and that you have no
responsibility in that area. After advising that BWM permit
application processing is not handled out of the Operations
Section but rather out of the BWM Facilities Section in the
Regional Office in Pittsburgh, you state that other DER
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 2
environmental programs are handled by other Bureaus personnel and
that you have no responsibility as to these programs. You then
indicate that you may accept employment with Babcock and Wilcox
in its Tubular Products Division as head of the environmental
control department handling all environmental programs for their
plants in three states. You then advise that you have inspected
two Babcock and Wilcox plants located in your field area and that
prior to November, 1982 you also inspected the plant in the
southern part of the county. After referencing Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act, the terms "represent" and "governmental body" and
the citation of several opinions of the Commission, you pose the
following eight questions:
"1.
How does the fact that all of the BWM submissions and
files are available to the general public effect these
issues?
2. Would I be precluded from representing B &W before the
BWM regarding their plant -in southern BC, in so far as
that plant has not been in my field area and I have not
been responsible for it since November 18, 1982?
3. Would I be precluded from representing B &W before BWM
regarding the one plant within my field area which has
ben idle, insofar as I have not inspected it or
otherwise been involved with it for several years?
4. Would I be precluded from administering a finalized and
approved hazardous waste site closure plan for a plant
in northern BC; a plan approved by others including
members of the BWM Facilities Section in the Pittsburgh
Office, (similar to administering an existing contract
in Larson 86 -009; Dalton 80 -056; Beaser 8 -538)?
5. Would I be precluded from negotiating such a plan or
negotiating changes in the existing plan?
6. Would my presence while a DER employee during some of
the negotiations process of the above closure plan
affect your decision on this issue, even though I did
not make any decision nor have direct responsibility
for the approval of the plan? (Though it should be
pointed out that I was consulted on the matter.)
7. a) Would I be precluded from accompanying a BWM
inspector during an inspection of B &W plants?
b) If so, would this restriction apply to both the
plants in northern and southern BC?
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 3
8. Would I be precluded from submitting permit
applications or other documents under my signature or
appearing before the BWM Facilities Section given that
they are located in a different office and I had no
"influence, responsibility, supervision or control" of
the BWM Facilities Section, (Larson 86- 009) ?"
After enclosing a photocopy of the classification
specification for a Solid Waste Specialist which is incorporated
herein by reference, you request advice from the Ethics
Commission as to the restrictions under Section 3(e) of the Act
and as specifically as to the questions which you have posed.
Discussion: As a Solid Waste Specialist for DER, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly_ that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section (e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working DER must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In
this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the
"governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 4
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the Office. Thus, the "governmental body" with which
you have been "associated" upon the termination of your
employment would be the Office. Therefore, within the first year
after you would leave DER, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the Office.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
Office. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from
DER. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is
primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during
the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently
with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
.. ....... ..'.,..... __? -,.a.... - n,
with the public sector, officials or employees to secure for
himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
as promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code S1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
bodies with which you have been associated, (that is the Office),
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on
contracts with the Office;
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 5
2. Attempts to influence the Office;
3. Participating in any matters before the Office over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed.by DER;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Office in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer,
Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Office, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave DER, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Office, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Office so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before the Office. Once again, however, your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Office.
Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the
Office to secure information which is available to the general
public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must not be
done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Office your representation of, or
work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Turning now to the eight specific questions that you have
posed, each question will be answered seriatim. As to the matter
of the public nature of submissions, this does not affect the
limitation of Section 3(e) since the restriction is imposed upon
your representation of your new employer; the fact that the
submissions or files are public has no relevance thereon. As to
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 6
your second and third inquiries concerning Babcock & Wilcox in
their plant in either the southern portion of the county or in
your area which has remained idle and has not been inspected by
you, the representation restriction does not relate to one plant
versus another plant; it relates to representing your employer,
that is, the entity Babcock & Wilcox before your governmental
body. As to your fourth inquiry, you would not be precluded from
administering a finalized and approved hazardous waste site
closure plan since you have stated that the plan would have
already been approved out of the Pittsburgh Office which would
not be considered your former governmental body as defined above.
However, in the event that a dispute would arise as to the
administration of that closure plan, Section 3(e) would preclude
you from representing Babcock & Wilcox before your governmental
body concerning the resolution of that dispute. Turning to your
fifth inquiry, you would not be precluded from negotiating a plan
or negotiating changes in an existing plan provided such
negotiations would not be with your governmental body, that is,
the Office. The sixth inquiry can not be addressed in this
advice since any action on your part in the negotiating process
would be past action which may not be addressed in a prospective
advisory opinion mechanism. See 65 P.S. 407(9)(i)(ii). As to
your seventh inquiry, you would be precluded from accompanying a
BWM inspector during an inspection of a Babcock & Wilcox plant if
that inspector came from your former governmental body, that is,
the Office. As to your final inquiry, you would not be precluded
from submitting applications or other documents under your
signature provided they were submitted to offices which would be
other than your former governmental body.
Additionally,
State Ethics Act would
official from accepting
has been offered based
conduct of the employee
governmental body, was
§403(b).
it is noted that Section 3(b) of the
prohibit any public employee or public
a position of employment if said position
upon the understanding that the official
or official, while working for his former
influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Solid Waste Specialist, you are to be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act.
Upon termination of your service with DER, you would become a
Mr. Mark H. Russell
December 19, 1988
Page 7
"former public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should
conform to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above.
Your governmental body for the purpose of the one year
representation restriction is the Office. Lastly, the propriety
of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
v
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel