HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-654 ReedMr. R. Craig Reed
3615 Golfview Drive
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), PennDot, Civil
Engineer IV
Dear Mr. Reed:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 29, 1988
88 -654
This responds to your letter of October 11, 1988, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
hereinafter PennDot.
Facts: You state that you contemplate resigning from PennDot and
that you will become employed by PASCO USA Inc. You state that
the firm is not presently under contract with PennDot but is
engaged in the National Strategic Highway Research Program
(SHRP). After stating that you may be required to contact
PennDot in this regard, you seek advise as to what restrictions
would be imposed upon you relative to any future business with
PASCO under the Ethics Act.
In your current position as a Civil Engineer IV in PennDot,
you are assigned to the Roadway Management Services Division,
hereinafter Division in the Bureau of Bridge and Roadway
Technology. From your job description which is incorporated
herein by reference, you have the following duties and
responsibilities: To plan, organize and direct all activities
relative to the implementation and operation of the Roadway
Management System (RMS); to develop training to the Central
Office Bureau and the district engineering offices as well as
supervising and providing consulting services to RMS in the
Central Office and engineering districts; to direct and maintain
the RMS computer hardware; to direct the collection of data and
its entry relative to the RMS system; to identify and plan for
system enhancement; to coordinate work with outside consultants;
Mr. R. Craig Reed
November 29, 1988
Page 2
to review and approve technical system support documentation; to
coordinate RMS system with other department systems; to
supervise professional and technical staff and to perform such
other duties and responsibilities based upon your knowledge of
engineering management computer system principles.
Discussion: As a Civil Engineer IV for PennDot, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code S1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. S403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working PennDot must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In
this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the
"governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the RMS Division and Engineering Districts. Thus, the
"governmental body" with which you have been "associated" upon
the termination of your employment would be RMS Division and
Engineering Districts. Therefore, within the first year after
Mr. R. Craig Reed
November 29, 1988
Page 3
you would leave PennDot, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis RMS Division and Engineering Districts.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the RMS
Division and Engineering Districts. Likewise, there is no
general limitation on the type of employment in which you may
engage, following your departure from PennDot. It is noted,
however, that the conflicts of interest law is primarily
concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public
trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term
of a person's public employment he must act consistently with the
public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that
individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with
the public sector, officials or employees to secure for himself
or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be obtainable
only because of his association with his former public employer.
See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code S1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
bodies with which you have been associated, (that is the RMS
Division and Engineering Districts), including, but not limited
to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts with the RMS
Division and engineering districts;
2. Attempts to influence the RMS Division and Engineering
Districts;
Mr. R. Craig Reed
November 29, 1988
Page 4
3. Participating in any matters before the RMS Division and
Engineering Districts over which you had supervision, direct
involvement, or responsibility while employed by PennDot;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the RMS Division and Engineering
Districts in relation to legislation, regulations, etc. See
Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer, Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the RMS Division and
engineering districts, constitutes an attempt to influence your
former governmental body. See Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054.
Therefore, within the first year after you leave PennDot, you
should not engage in the type of activity outlined above. The
Commission, however, has stated that the inclusion of your name
as an employee or consultant on a "pricing proposal," even if
submitted to or reviewed by the RMS Division and Engineering
Districts, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the RMS Division and Engineering Districts so long
as you are not identified as the preparer. You may also counsel
any person regarding that person's appearance before the RMS
Division and Engineering Districts. Once again, however, your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the RMS
Division and Engineering Districts. Of course, any ban under the
Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you from making general
informational inquiries of the RMS Division and Engineering
Districts to secure information which is available to the general
public. See Cil *t, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must not be
otherwise make known to the RMS Division and Engineering
Districts your representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 3(b) of the
State Ethics Act would prohibit any public employee or public
official from accepting a position of employment if said position
Mr. R. Craig Reed
November 29, 1988
Page 5
has been offered based upon the understanding that the official
conduct of the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
§403(b).
Conclusion: As a Civil Engineer IV, you are to be considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination
of your service with PennDot, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the
requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your
governmental body for the purpose of the one year representation
restriction is the RMS Division and Engineering Districts.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
cerely,
Vincent Dopko,
General Counsel