HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-648 AndressMr. Spencer J. Andress
650 Market Street
Oxford, PA 19363
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 23, 1988
88 -648
Re: Former Public Official; Section 3(e), Borough Council
Dear Mr. Andress:
This responds to your undated letter received by the State
Ethics Commission on October 4, 1988, in which you requested
advice.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Borough Council of Oxford.
Facts: You state that you were appointed to an unexpired term on
the Oxford Borough Council in June, 1977 and that you won the
November, 1977 general election. Thereafter you note that you
ran and were elected to full terms in 1979, 1983 and 1987. You
then advise that on August 30, 1988 at a special meeting of
council you submitted your resignation which was effective on
that date. You further note that during your tenure on borough
council you served as a member and chairman of various
committees as well as the president of borough council on two
separate occasions. You then advise that you are employed as a
president of a Pennsylvania corporation engaged in general
management consulting services which are provided to local county
and state governments. You state that the services involved:
obtaining grants and funding, economic development, attracting
business and industry to municipalities, land use planning,
municipal management, contract negotiations, etc. You then
request advice as to what limitations exist and for what period
of time vis -a -vis the employment of your firm by the Borough of
Oxford in rendering professional consulting services in the
above - mentioned areas. If the employment is not prohibited, you
ask for guidance as to the procedures to be followed in obtaining
Mr. Spencer J. Andress
November 23, 1988
Page 2
employment and lastly, what restictions or prohibitions would
apply to other governmental bodies such as counties and the state
government.
Discussion: As a councilmember and president for Oxford Borough,
you are to be considered a "public official" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Ethics Act and the
regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1.
Consequently, upon termination of your service, you would
become a "former public official" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. S403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working Oxford Borough must
be identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated
with the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that
the "governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been Oxford Borough and various committees on which you
served, hereinafter referred to as the Borough and Committees.
Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been
"associated" upon the termination of your employment would be
the Borough and Committees. Therefore, within the first year
after you would leave Oxford Borough, Section 3(e) of the Ethics
Act would apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or
new employers vis -a -vis the Borough and Committees.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
borough and committees. Likewise, there is no general limitation
Mr. Spencer J. Andress
November 23, 1988
Page 3
on the type of employment in which you may engage, following your
departure from Oxford Borough. It is noted, however, that the
conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and
upon departure from the public sector, that individual should not
be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former public employer. See Anderson,
Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code §1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
bodies with which you have been associated, (that is the Borough
and Committees), including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations on contracts with the borough and committees;
2. Attempts to influence the Borough and Committees;
3. Participating in any matters before the Borough and
Committees over which you had supervision, direct involvement, or
responsibility while employed by Oxford Borough;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Borough and Committees in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048
and Seltzer, Opinion 80 -044.
Mr. Spencer J. Andress
November 23, 1988
Page 4
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Borough and Committees,
constitutes an attempt to influence your former governmental
body. See Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the
first year after you leave Oxford Borough, you should not engage
in the type of activity outlined above. The Commission,
however, has stated that the inclusion of your name as an
employee or consultant on a' "pricing proposal," even if submitted
to or reviewed by the Borough and Committees, is not prohibited
as "representation." See Kotalik, Opinion 84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Borough and Committees so long as you are not
identified as the preparer. You may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before the Borough and
Committees. Once again, however, your activity in this respect
should not be revealed to the borough and committees. Of course,
any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you
from making general informational inquiries of the Borough and
Committees to secure information which is available to the
general public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must
not be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities
or to otherwise make known to the borough and committees your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally,
administering
renegotiating
by the Ethics
81 -538.
the Commission has concluded that if you are
an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby. 65 P.S. §403(b).
Mr. Spencer J. Andress
November 23, 1988
Page 5
Additionally, it is noted that Section 3(b) of the State
Ethics Act would prohibit any public employee or public official
from accepting a position of employment if said position has been
offered based upon the understanding that the official conduct
of the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
S403(b).
As to your specific inquiries, from the above, the one -
year limitation of the Ethics Act does not relate to your firru
but relates to your conduct as a former public official.
Further, the restrictions in Section 3(e) outlined above only
relates to your representation vis -a -vis your former governmental
body, that is, the Borough and Committees but not other
governmental bodies such as the counties and state government.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Oxford Borough Councilmember, you are to be
considered a "public official" as defined in the Ethics Act.
Upon termination of your service with Oxford Borough, you would
become a "former public official" subject to the restrictions
imposed by Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct
should conform to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined
above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the one year
representation restriction is the Borough and Committees.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(11), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Mr. Spencer J. Andress
November 23, 1988
Page 6
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a former Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code S2.12.
VJD /rda
Sincerely,
LivoNk\
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel