HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-644 HanderhanSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 26, 1988
Cpl. Blaine R. Handerhan 88 -644
c/o Mt. Carmel Police Department
Municipal Building
100 North Vine Street
Mount Carmel, PA 17851 -1393
Re: Simultaneous Service, Coroner and Police Officer
Dear Mr. Handerhan:
This responds to your letter of September 21, 1988, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act imposes any prohibition or
restrictions upon a police officer from also serving or being
employed as a coroner.
Facts: In your letter you state that in 1989 you will be a
candidate for the office of coroner in Northumberland County.
You then state that if you would be successful in your campaign
for elected office, you would like an opinion as to whether a
conflict would exist between the position of coroner and your
current position as full -time police officer with the Borough of
Mt. Carmel Police Department which is also located in
Northumberland County.
Discussion: If you are elected to the office of coroner in
Northumberland County, you would be a "public official" as that
term is defined in the Ethics Act. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code
S1.1. As such, your conduct would be subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Act and the restrictions therein would be
applicable to you.
Cpl. Blaine R. Handerhan
October 26, 1988
Page 2
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received through
his holding public office to o b t a i n
financial gain other than compensation
provided by law for himself, a member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he
is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Section 3(a) basically provides that a public official may
not use public office or confidential information to obtain a
financial gain other than compensation as provided for by law
for himself or a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he is associated. Under this provision, the Ethics
Commission has determined that the use of office by a public
official to obtain a gain or benefit for himself or a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he is associated
which is not provided for in law constitutes a "financial gain
other than compensation provided for by law." These
determinations have been appealed to the Commonwealth Court of
Pennsylvania which has affirmed the Orders of the Commission.
See McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. 529
(1983). See also Yocabet v. State Ethics Commission, , 531
A.2d 536 (1987). Thus, under this provision, a public official
may not use his public position to secure any financial gain for
himself or a member of his immediate family or a business with
which he is associated unless it is provided for by law.
Domalakes Opinion, 85 -010.
However, as outlined above, there does not appear to be a
real possibility of any financial gain or inherent conflict
arising if you were to serve both as a public official as coroner
and as police officer. Basically, the Ethics Act does not state
that it is inherently incompatible for a public official to serve
or be employed as a police officer. The main prohibition under
the Ethics Act and Opinions of the Ethics Commission is that one
may not serve the interests of two persons, groups, or entities
whose interests may be adverse. See Alfano Opinion, 80 -007. In
the situation outlined above, you would not be serving entities
with interests which are adverse to each other.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
Cpl. Blaine R. Handerhan
October 26, 1988
Page 3
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Reference to Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act is made in order
to provide a complete response to your inquiry. Under Section
3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which must be observed, a
public official must neither offer nor accept anything of value
on the understanding or with the intention that the public
official's judgment would be influenced thereby. It is assumed
such a situation does not exist here. Reference to this Section
is added not to indicate that any . such activity has been or will
be undertaken but in an effort to provide a complete response to
your inquiry.
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(d) Other areas of possible conflict shall be
addressed by the commission pursuant to
paragraph (9) of Section 7. 65 P.S. S403(d).
However, under Section 3(d) of the Ethics Act, the State
Ethics Commission may address other areas of possible conflicts
of interests. 65 P.S. §403(d). The parameters of the types of
activities encompassed by this provision of law may generally be
determined by reviewing the purpose and intent of the Ethics Act.
The Ethics Act was promulgated in order to ensure that the
financial interests of public officials do not conflict with the
public trust or create the appearance of a conflict with the
public trust.
Although there is no per se prohibition to your simultaneous
service under the Ethics Act, if any situation would arise where
your actions in one position of public employment would have to
be passed upon or reviewed by yourself in your other position of
public employment, you could not participate in such action
because a conflict of interest would arise under §3(a) and 3(d)
of the Ethics Act. The conflict would exist because you would
Cpl. Blaine R. Handerhan
October 26, 1988
Page 4
have performed an action as part of your duties in one position
of public employment and then you would be reviewing your own
actions in your other position of public employment. In that
instance you must abstain and note that of public record.
Lastly, it must be noted that the propriety of your proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act; the
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation
or other code of conduct has not been addressed in this advice.
Conclusion: If you are the elected coroner in Northumberland
County you would become a "public official" subject to the
provisions of the State Ethics Act. As a public official, you
may, consistent with Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act,
simultaneously serve in the positions of coroner and police
officer. However, under Sections 3(a) and 3(d) of the Ethics
Act, in the event that you would be called upon in one capacity
to review the actions that you did in your other official
capacity, you would have to abstain in those instances and note
that of public record.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
$lcerely,
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel