HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-639 GarlanMr. Joseph Garlan
R.D. #1, Box 262A
West Pittston, PA 18643
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 26, 1988
88 -639
Re: Professional Conduct Investigator, Public Employee, FIS
Dear Mr. Garlan:
Your financial disclosure appeal form dated May 4, 1988, has
been received by the State Ethics Commission and will be treated
as a request for advice.
Issue: You ask whether in your capacity as a Professional
Conduct Investigator with the Department of State, hereinafter,
the Department, you are to be considered a "public employee" as
that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and therefore, whether
you are required to file a Statement of Financial Interests
pursuant to the Ethics Act.
Facts: You question whether your activities and functions fall
within the purview of the definition of "public employee" as that
phrase is defined in the State Ethics Act and the regulations of
this Commission. In order to address the question presented, a
review must be made of the duties and responsibilities
associated with your position as contained in your job
description and the classification specifications for this
position which are incorporated herein by reference. Your duties
and responsibilities, as set forth in the classification
specifications are as follows:
This is journey level specialized investigative work in
detecting violations of the conduct standards of the several
Commonwealth professional and occupational licensing boards and
the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs which
regulate the technical and specialist licensure areas of the
overall health delivery system in an assigned geographical area
of the state.
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 2
An employe in this class travels in the performance of a
variety of assignments in investigating complaints, allegations,
and /or incidents of violations of professional and occupational
conduct standards involving physicians, chiropractors, physical
therapists, podiatrists, osteopaths, dentists, psychologists,
nurses, and medical practitioners, including teachers of
medicine, pharmacists, nursing home administrators, and
veterinarians. Work involves interviewing professional,
technical and administrative personnel and examining, reviewing
and /or extracting information from technical records and
correspondence, including legal, medical, and court reports and
developing and presenting evidence. Work includes initiating and
defining special projects under the guidance of the respective
boards. Work also includes interviewing complaints, licensees,
members of the general public and Federal, state and local
officials to obtain facts concerning alleged violations of
personal and professional conduct. Employes are required to
prepare objective, factual reports of findings bases on the
investigation. Important considerations in this work are
objectivity, judgment, discretion, and a high degree of technical
expertise in ascertaining and presenting findings. Work is
performed with considerable independence and is reviewed by a
regional director for adherence to established procedures. Final
reports are submitted to the respective state board responsible
for licensing and overseeing practitioners in these areas.
Discussion: As set forth above, the question to be answered here
is clear. Specifically, are you, in your capacity as a
Professional Conduct Investigator serving with the Department to
be considered a "public employee." The State Ethics Act defines
that term as follows:
Section 2. Definitions
"Public employee." Any individual employed
by the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision who is responsible for taking or
recommending official action of a
nonministerial nature with regard to:
(1) contracting or procurement;
(2) administering or monitoring
grants or subsidies;
(3) planning or zoning;
(4) inspecting, licensing,
regulating or auditing any
person; or
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 3
(5)
any other activity where the
official action has an
economic impact of greater
than a de minimus nature on
the interests of any person.
65 P.S. S402.
"Public employee" shall not include
individuals who are employed by the State
or any political subdivision thereof in
teaching as distinguished f r o m
administrative duties. 65 P.S. S402.
The regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly
define the term public employee as above and also set forth that
the term includes any individual:
(B) who meets the criteria of either
subclause (I) or (II):
(I) The individual is:
( -a -) a person who normally
performs his responsibility in the
field without on -site supervision;
( -b -) the immediate supervisor
of a person who normally performs
his responsibility in the field
without on -site supervision; or
( -c -) the supervisor of any
highest level field office.
(II) The individual is a person:
( -a -) who:
( -1 -) has the authority to make
final decisions;
( -2 -) has the authority to
forward or stop recommendations
from being sent to the person or
body with the authority to make
final decisions;
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 4
( -3 -) prepares or supervises
the preparation of final
recommendations; or
( -4 -) makes final technical
recommendations; and
( -b -)
actions:
whose recommendations or
( -1 -) are an inherent and
recurring part of his position; and
( -2 -) affect organizations
other than his own organization.
(ii) The term does not include individuals
who are employed by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of the Commonwealth in
teaching as distinguished from administrative
duties.
(iii) Persons in the positions listed below
are generally considered public employees.
(A) Executive and special
directors or assistants reporting
directly to the agency head or
governing body.
(B) Commonwealth bureau directors,
division chiefs, or heads of
equivalent organization elements
and other governmental body
department heads.
(C) Staff attorneys engaged in
representing the department,
agency, or other governmental
bodies before the public.
(D) Solicitors, engineers,
managers, and secretary- treasurers
acting as managers, police chiefs,
chief clerks, chief purchasing
agents, grant and contract
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 5
managers, housing and building
inspectors, sewer enforcement
officers, and zoning officers in
all governmental bodies.
(E) Court administrators,
assistants for fiscal affairs, and
deputies for the minor judiciary.
(F) School business managers and
principals.
(iv) Persons in the positions listed below
are generally not considered public
employees.
(A) City clerks, other clerical
staff, road masters, secretaries,
police officers, welfare case
workers, maintenance workers,
construction workers, detectives,
equipment operators, and recreation
directors.
(B) Law clerks, court criers,
court reporters, probation
officers, security guards, and writ
servers.
(C) School teachers and clerk of
the schools. 51 Pa. Code X1.1.
The question you present under these provisions of the
statute and the regulations of the Commission will be reviewed in
light of your duties and obligations as described in your
classification specifications and the job description under which
you operate. The inquiry necessarily focuses on the job itself
and not on the individual incumbent in the position, the
variable functions of the position, or the manner in which a
particular individual occupying a position may carry out those
functions. See McClure, Opinion 83 -001; Phillips, Opinion 82-
008, affirmed on appeal, 79 Pa. Cmwlth. 491, 470 A.2d 659 (1984);
and Mummau v. Ranck, 531 Fed. Supp. 402 (E.D. Pa. 1982).
Also, in reviewing your question, the Commonwealth Court in
its ruling in Phillips, supra, at page 661, directs the
Commission to construe coverage of the Ethics Act broadly, rather
than narrowly, and conversely, directs that exclusions from the
Ethics Act should be narrowly construed. Based upon this
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 6
directive and reviewing the definition of "public employee" in
the statute and the regulations and opinions of this Commission,
in light of your job functions and the information available, the
conclusion must be that while you serve in this capacity, you are
a "public employee" subject to the financial reporting and
disclosure requirements of the State Ethics Act. Further detail
on our analysis follows.
It is clear that in your capacity as a Professional Conduct
Investigator you have the ability to recommend official action
with respect to subparagraph B(I) within the definition of
"public employee" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 P.S. 5402.
Specifically, the classification specifications provides that you
investigate complaints and possible violations of the
professional and occupational standards, that you interview
professional, technical and administrative personnel together
with examining various documents as well as interviewing
complainants, licensees, members of the general public and
governmental officials. You are further required to prepare
objective factual report findings and most importantly, the work
is performed with considerable independence, subject to review by
the Regional Director, with consideration being given to
objectivity, judgment, discretion in a high degree of technical
expertise in your work product. These activities fall within the
definition of public employee as contained in the regulations of
the Commission. 51 Pa. Code 1.1. Under these circumstances and
given your duties and responsibilities as outlined above, the
conclusion must be that you are a "public employee" as that term
is defined in the State Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Based upon the above discussion, you are to be
considered a "public employee" in your capacity as a Professional
Conduct Investigator with the Department. Accordingly, you must
file a Statement of Financial Interests for each year in which
you hold the position outlined above and for the year following
your termination of this service.
If you have not already done so, a Statement of Financial
Interests must be filed within 15 days of this Advice. This
Statement of Financial Interests would report information of the
prior calendar year. Please file the original of such a
Statement with this Commission to insure compliance with this
Advice, provide the yellow copy to your Personnel Office and
retain the green copy for your records.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
Mr. Joseph Garlan
October 26, 1988
Page 7
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent`. Dopko,
General Counsel