HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-596 GyriscoMr. Geoffrey M. Gyrisco
423 Summit Street
Lemoyne, PA 17043
Dear Mr. Gyrisco:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 1, 1988
88 -596
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Historic Preservation
Specialist, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
This responds to your letter of May 18, 1988, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
Facts: You state that you are currently employed as a Historic
Preservation Specialist in the Bureau for Historic Preservation,
hereinafter Bureau, of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
Commission, hereinafter PHMC. You then state that you will begin
employment with Kidde Consultants, Inc., of Baltimore as an
archaeologist /historian in their Harrisburg branch office. You
then advise that in your new position you would establish an
archaeological and historical consulting division to conduct
surveys and data recovery projects as mandated by state and
federal historic preservation laws. In your current position,
you note that you have four main areas of responsibility: the
outline and drafting of the comprehensive state historic
preservation; assisting local governments on the creation and
establishment of local historic districts; development of program
guidelines for Certified Local Governments program and the review
of state and federal projects and undertakings requiring state
and federal licenses, permits, loans, or loan guarantees as to
their effect on historic and archaeological resources.
Additionally, you note that from June, 1985 through September,
1987, you routinely reviewed many state and federal projects
Mr, Geoffrey M. Gyrisco
July 1, 1988 .
Page 2
involving state and federal licenses, permits, loans and loan
guarantees. After stating that you have no authority to sign any
contract, agreement, or any agency letter of comment, you advise
that you only sign letters responding to general public inquiries
and that your draft - comments for the Bureau were always reviewed
and signed by the Chief of the Division of Planning and
Protection or the Bureau Director. In this regard, you note that
comments made both under the State Historic Preservation Act and
National Historic Preservation Act are advisory to agencies which
retain the full authority to make final decisions. In your work
for Kidde Consultants Inc., you state that you would prer're
reports which federal and state agencies could use to identify
historic /archaeological resources whereby those agencies cLiild
deterfllne the effects of their action upon said resources.
Lastl7, after stating that you officially work for the Planning
and Protection Division of the Bureau, you state that r'nce
October 1, 1988, you have been detailed to the Preservation
ServicJs Division of the Bureau to work primarily on state -wide
comprehensive historic preservation planning and secondarily on
local historic preservation programs; since October you state
that you have only rarely provided technical assistance to the
Division of Planning and Protection on project review ma'aters.
You conclude by requesting advice as to what restrictions would
be imposed upon your employment by the consulting firm following
the termination of your state employment.
DiscuJsion: As a Historic Preservation Specialist for
Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission, you are to be
cons?,dered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations o.' this
Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclu' ion is
based upon your job description, incorporated herJin by
reference, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates
clearly that you have the power to take or recommend official
action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting,
procurement, planning, inspecting or other activities where the
economic impact is greater than de minimus on the interests of
another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(3) of tl
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Mr. Geoffrey M. Gyrisco
July 1, 1988
Page 3
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working with PHMC must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In
this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the
"governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the Bureau. Thus, the "governmental body" with which
you have been "associated" upon the termination of your
employment would be the Bureau. Therefore, within the first year
after you would leave PHMC, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the Bureau.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
Bureau. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from
PHMC. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law
is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during
the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently
with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
that individual should not be allowed to utilize his association
with the public sector, officials or - employees to secure for
himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
17. Geoffrey M. Gyr:isco
J - ily 1, 1983
Page 4
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code X1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
tsrm "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
holies with which you have been associated, (that is the
:,,uraau), including, but not limited to, negotiations or
ren:::'1otiatior_s on contracts with the Bureau;
2. Attempts to influence the Bureau;
3. Participating in any matters before the Bureau over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed by PHMC;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Bureau in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer,
Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will pzovide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Bureau, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave PHMC, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Bureau, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007.
Mr. Geoffrey M. Gyrisco
July 1, 1988
Page 5
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Bureau so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before the Bureau. Once again, however,
your activity in this respect should not be revealed to the
Bureau. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not
prohibit or preclude you from making general informational
inquiries of the Bureau to secure information which is available
to the general public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of
course, must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
these entities or to otherwise make known to the Bureau your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you arci
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act must be referenced in order
to provide a complete response to your inquiry. Under Section
3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which a public official Gr
employee must observe, a public official or employee must neither
offer nor accept anything of value on the understanding or with
the intention that his judgment would influenced thereby. :r
is assumed such a situation does not exist here. This Section is
referenced not to indicate that any such activity has been or
will be undertaken but in an effort to provide a complete
response to your inquiry.
Mr, Geoffrey M. Gyrisco
July 1, 1988
Page 6
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, prdinance, regulation or other code of conduct
athe.r than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
icr',: involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. _
,ont.lusion: As a Historic Preservation Specialist, you are to be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act.
Upon termination of your service with PHMC, you would become a
"ioormer public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should
con2orm to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above.
Your governmental body for the purpose of the one year
representation restriction is the Bureau. Lastly, the propriety
of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the actâ–º
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have a
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a former Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent '1. Dopko,
General Counsel