HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-576 DashMr. Umakant Dash
2890 Sunset Drive
Camp Hill, PA 17011
Dear Mr. Dash:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 3, 1988
88 - 576
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Soils Engineer IV,
PennDot
This responds to your letter of April 29, 1988, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Facts: In your letter you state that you have retired from the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, hereinafter PennDot,
and request advice: as to who you can work for; as to whether
you can do business with various agencies of the State if you
work for yourself or for another company; as to whether you can
be employed as a sub - contractor to a company doing business with
the State; as to whether you can work for companies doing
business with the State on projects that are not directly related
to Pennsylvania and as to what limitations are on the type of
work and as to how long these limitations apply.
In your job description specification for a Soils Engineer
IV which is incorporated herein by reference, your duties and
responsibilities consist of directing all activities of the
Foundation Unit; planning, coordinating and executing
specialized geotechnical engineering work; developing and
implementing new methods of design and construction in foundation
engineering for roadways and bridges; performing independent
complex technical analysis and design work in geotechnical
engineering; developing and implementing computer solutions for
geotechnical problems; directing special field testing methods in
soil engineering; directing special instrumentation work for
Mr. Umakant Dash
June 3, 1988
Page 2
monitoring performance of construction projects; supervising and
reviewing soils engineering work; developing new specifications
for geotechnical design, construction, testing and
instrumentation; conducting special studies and applied research
and performing such other duties as required in your position.
Discussion: As a Soils Engineer IV for PennDot, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code S1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request it is necessary to
identify the "governmental body" with which you were associated
while working PennDot. Then, the scope of the prohibitions
associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed. In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously
ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may
be deemed to have been associated during his tenure of public
office or employment extends to those entities where he had
influence, responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing,
Opinion 79 -010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the Construction and Materials Bureau, hereinafter
Bureau. Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been
"associated" upon the termination of your employment would be
the Bureau. Therefore, within the first year after you would
Mr. Umakant Dash
June 3, 1988
Page 3
leave PennDot, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and
restrict your "representation" of persons or new employers vis-a -
vis the Bureau.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
Bureau. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from
PennDot. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest
law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and
violations of the public trust. The intent of the law generally
is that during the term of a person's public employment he must
act consistently with the public trust and upon departure from
the public sector, that individual should not be allowed to
utilize his association with the public sector, officials or
employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or
benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association
with his former public employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014;
Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including hut not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code X1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
bodies with which you have been associated, (that is the Bureau),
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on
contracts with the Bureau;
2. Attempts to influence the Bureau;
Mr. Umakant Dash
June 3, 1988
Page 4
3. Participating in any matters before the Bureau over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed by PennDot;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Bureau in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer,
Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submit to or reviewed by the Bureau, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave PennDot, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. (The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Bureau, is not prohibited as %representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007).
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Bureau so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before the Bureau. Once again, however, your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Bureau.
Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the
Bureau to secure information which is available to the general
public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must not be
done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Bureau your representation of, or
work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
As to the seven specific questions you raise, as noted
above, there is no general restriction as to who you may work
for. As to your second and third inquiries, you may do business
with the various agencies of the State whether you work for
yourself or for another company; however, the limitation of
section 3(e) as noted above would apply to the Bureau.
Mr. Umakant Dash
June 3, 1988
Page 5
Concerning your fourth question of being employed by a sub-
contractor who does business with the State, the above
discussions sets forth the limitations on your activities in that
regard vis -a -vis the Bureau. As to your fifth inquiry, you may
work for companies doing business with the State on projects
directly related to Pennsylvania although the above discussion
will limit your representation before the Bureau if that
situation would arise. As to your sixth and seventh question,
the limitation applies for a period of one year after your
retirement and does not affect the type of work that you perform
but limits your ability to appear before your former governmental
body, the Bureau. Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act must be referenced in order
to provide a complete response to your inquiry. Under Section
3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which a public official or
employee must observe, a public official or employee must neither
offer nor accept anything of value on the understanding or with
the intention that his judgment would be influenced thereby. It
is assumed such a situation does not exist here. This Section is
referenced not to indicate that any such activity has been or
will be undertaken but in an effort to provide a complete
response to your inquiry.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Mr. Umakant Dash
June 3, 1988
Page 6
Conclusion: As a Soils Engineer IV, you are to be considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination
of your service with PennDot, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the
requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your
governmental body for the purpose of the one year representation
restriction is the Bureau. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a former Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel