HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-555 HillMr. Edward D. Hill
1020 Limekiln Pike
Maple Glen, PA 19002
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
April 22, 1988
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), PennDot`
Dear Mr. Hill:
88 - 555
This responds to your letter of March 1, 1988, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with PennDot.
Facts: As a Soils Engineer IV with District 6 -0 of PennDot, you
would like to know what limitations would be imposed upon you
either as an employee or owner of a firm that would contract
directly or would serve as a subcontractor to a firm that would
contract with the Commonwealth after your retirement from
Commonwealth service.
Your job description /specification, which is incorporated
herein by reference, indicates that your duties and
responsibilities, as a Soils Engineer IV in District 6 -0 of
PennDot, are to plan, manage and execute the activities of the
District Soils Unit which requires technical work on the level of
a professional engineer performing the following duties in
District 6 -0: to determine the scope of the soils investigation
program, to prepare, advertise and recommend for award test
boring contracts, to inspect contractors work, to review and
interpret samples obtained from contractor's operation, to
prepare reports from data obtained from the boring contracts, to
determine the amount payable to the contractor, to obtain samples
from sources of supply as requested by the construction projects,
to provide advice to other units on the aspects of geotechnical
engineering, to attend conferences and training sessions, to
- serve on discussions and review panels, to be responsible for the
storage of boring samples, to provide information to other
agencies and individuals, to prepare and present geotechnical
training sessions, to train and supervise employees and to
perform such other duties as necessary. You also perform design
Mr. Edward D. Hill
April 22, 1988
Page 2
consultant activities which entail the review and constructive
criticism of the activities of design consultant with emphasis on
the consultants formulations of soil investigation plans,
preparation of boring contracts, inspection of contracts, Soils
and Geological Engineering Reports with Soil Profiles and the
Foundation Approval Submissions and Geotechnical Calculations.
Discussion: As a Soils Engineer for PennDot, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non- ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request it is necessary to
identify the "governmental body" with which you were associated
while working PennDot. Then, the scope of the prohibitions
associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed. In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously
ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may
be deemed to have been associated during his tenure of public
office or employment extends to those entities where he had
influence, responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing,
'Opinion 79 -010. See also KurY v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
Mr. Edward D. Hill
April 22, 1988
Page 3
have been District 6 -0. Thus, the "governmental body" with which
you have been "associated" upon the termination of your
employment would be District 6 -0. Therefore, within the firs
year after you would leave PennDot, Section 3(e) of the Ethics
Act would apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or
new employers vis -a -vis District 6 -0.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
District 6 -0. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which you may engage, following your
departure from PennDot. It is noted, however, that the conflicts
of interest law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts
and violations of the public trust. The intent of the law
generally is that during the term of a person's public employment
he must act consistently with the public trust and upon departure
from the public sector, that individual should not be allowed to
utilize his association with the public sector, officials or
employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or
benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association
with his former public employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014;
Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code S1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or
bodies with which you have been associated, (that is District 6-
0), including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations
on contracts with the District 6 -0;
Mr. Edward D. Hill
April 22, 1988
Page 4
2. Attempts to influence District 6 -0;
3. Participating in any matters before District 6 -0 over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed by PennDot;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before District 6 -0 in relation to
legislation, regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and
Seltzer, Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by District 6 -0, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave PennDot, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by District
6 -0, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik, Opinion
84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to District 6 -0 so long as you are not identified as
the preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before District 6 -0. Once again, however,
your activity in this respect should not be revealed to the
District 6 -0. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not
prohibit or preclude you from making general informational
inquiries of District 6 -0 to secure information which is
available to the general public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023.
This, of course, must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence these entities or to otherwise make known to the
District 6 -0 your representation of, or work for your new
employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
- renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 403(b) of the State
Ethics Act would prohibit any public employee or public official
Mr. Edward D. Hill
April 22, 1988
Page 5
from accepting a position of employment if said position has been
offered based upon the understanding that the official conduct of
the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
§403(b).
Regarding you inquiries as to limitations that would be
imposed upon you if you were either an employee or owner or
principal of a firm that contracted directly with the
Commonwealth or received a subcontract from a, that did
business directly with the Commonwealth, it must be noted from
the foregoing limitations that Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
imposes relate to you individually as opposed to a firm regarding
the one year prohibition. Thus, it would not matter whether you
own the business individually or are merely an employee in a firm
because the restriction of Section 3(e) relates to your conduct
vis -a -vis your former governmental body.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Soils Engineer IV, you are to be considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination
of your service with PennDot, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the
requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your
governmental body for the purpose of the one year representation
restriction is District 6 -0. Lastly, the propriety of your
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
Mr. Edward D. Hill
April 22, 1988
Page 6
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a former Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
rid r, "1
� u
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel
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