HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-549 WatsonMr. Dennis A. Watson
Borough of West View
Pittsburgh, PA 15229
Dear Mr. Watson:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PA 17120
TELEPHONE: (717) 783 -1610
April 13, 1988
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
88 - 549
Re: Conflict of Interest, Zoning Board Member, Borough Solicitor as Law
Partner
This responds to your letter of February 25, 1988, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act presents any prohibition or restrictions
upon a member of a zoning hearing board when a member of his law firm is
solicitor to the borough council which is the governing body of the zoning
hearing board.
Facts: You state that you are a resident of the West View Borough in
Allegheny County and are currently chairman of the zoning hearing board who
with two other members of that board are appointed by the West View Borough
Council. After noting that you receive no compensation or expense
reimbursement for serving on the board, you state that the zoning hearing
board does act indepedently of borough council. After noting that on occasion
the Borough Manager or a member of borough council or the borough solicitor
may appear or testify in their individual capacity or on behalf of the borough
before the zoning board, you note that the current borough solicitor is
associated with your private law firm. You then advise that under decisional
law a zoning board may not be represented by the borough's solicitor. You
then state that you are a shareholder in the firm of Grogan, Graffam, McGinley
& Lucchino, P.C. which has been recently joined by Fred E. Baxter, Jr., who is
the current solicitor for the Borough of West View. After noting that Mr.
Baxter's legal fees as solicitor will be received by the law firm, you request
advice under the Ethics Act as to whether your service as chairman of the West
View Zoning Hearing Board while Mr. Baxter serves as solicitor to the borough
creates a conflict under the Ethics Act.
Mr. Dennis A. Watson
April 13, 1988
Page 2
Discussion: As a zoning board member for West View Borough, you are a public
official within the definition of that term as set forth in the Ethics Act and
the regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. As such,
you are subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Section 3(a) basically provides that a public official or employee may
not use his public office or confidential information to obtain a financial
gain other than compensation as provided for by law for himself or a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he is associated. Under this
provision, the Ethics Commission has determined that the use of office by a
public official to obtain a gain or benefit for himself or a member of his
immediate family which is not provided for in law constitutes a "financial
gain other than compensation provided for by law." These determinations have
been appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania which has affirmed the
Orders of the Commission. See McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa.
Commw. 529 (1983). See also Yocabet v. State Ethics Commi ssion, Pa.
Commw. , 531 A.2d 536 (1987. Thus, under this provision, a public
official may not use his public position to secure benefits for himself or a
member of his immediate family which are not provided for by law, Domalakes,
Opinion 85 -010; likewise, the receipt of private financial gain or benefit
through use of office is not permitted under this section, Huff, Opinion
84 -015.
Section 2. Definitions.
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate
family is a director, officer, owner, employee or holder
of stock. 65 P.S. 402.
Since you are a shareholder in the firm of Grogan, Graffam, McGinley &
Lucchino, P.C., that is a business with which you are associated as that term
is defined under the Ethics Act.
Mr. Dennis A. Watson
April 13, 1988
Page 3
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public official or
public employee or candidate for public office or a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public employee or
contribution, reward, or promise of future employment
based on any understanding that the vote, official action,
or judgment of the public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be influenced thereby.
65 P.S. 403(b).
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act must be referenced in order to provide a
complete response to your inquiry. Under Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act cited
above, which a public official or employee must observe, a public official or
employee must neither offer nor accept anything of value on the understanding
or with the intention that his judgment would be influenced thereby. It is
assumed such a situation does not exist here. This Section is referenced not
to indicate that any such activity has been or will be undertaken but in an
effort to provide a complete response to your inquiry.
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(d) Other areas of possible conflict shall be addressed by
the commission pursuant to paragraph (9) of section 7.
65 P.S. 403(d).
Under the above provision of law, the Ethics Commission, however, is also
empowered to address other areas of possible conflict pursuant to Section
3(d). 65 P.S. §403(d). Fritzinger, Opinion 80 -008; DeBenedictis, Opinion
86 -002. The parameters of the type of activity encompassed by this provision
are generally reviewed in light of the preamble to the Ethics Act which
enunciates the legislative intent of the Act. The intent and purpose of the
Act is to strengthen the faith and confidence of the people in their
government by assuring the public that the financial interests of the holders
of public office present neither a conflict nor the appearance of a conflict
with the public trust. A public official or employee, pursuant to this
provision, is to ensure that their personal financial interests present
neither a conflict nor the appearance of a conflict with the public trust. 65
P.S. §401. Such a conflict may exist where an individual represents one or
more adverse interests, Alfano, Opinion 80 -007; where an individual serves in
positions that are incompatible or conflicting; Nelson, Opinion 85 -009, or
where such an official or employee accepts compensation to which he is not
entitled. Domalakes, supra.
Mr. Dennis A. Watson
April 13, 1988
Page 4
Although under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act you would not be precluded
from serving as zoning board member when an associate in your firm is
solicitor for the borough, under Section 3(d) of the Ethics Act you should not
participate or vote in any case on the board when a member of your firm
including but not limited to the borough solicitor appears before that board.
You should also note your abstention of public record together with the reason
for your abstention.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance,
regulation or other code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been
considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a zoning board member of West View Borough, you are a public
official subject to the provisions of the State Ethics Act. Although under
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act you may serve as a zoning board member while an
associate of your law firm serves as solicitor to the borough, under Section
3(d) of the Ethics Act you may not participate or vote in any matter on the
board when a member of your firm including the borough solicitor appears in a
case and you should note your abstention of public record together with the
reason for your abstention. Lastly, the propriety of your proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission w i l l be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sincerely,
ate.. Da
Vincent . Dopko
General Counsel