HomeMy WebLinkAbout87-656 BabinSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PA 17120
TELEPHONE: (717) 783 -1610
December 24, 1987
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Mr. Gary W. Babin
Senate Post Office
The State Capitol
Harrisburg, PA 17120 -0030
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Legislative Aide
Dear Mr. Babin:
87 - 656
This responds to your letter of December 18, 1987, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the
Pennsylvania Senate.
Facts: In your advice request you state that you are the Legislative Aide to
State Senator Noah W. Wenger and that you are also Executive Director of the
Senate State Government Committee, hereinafter Committee. You further state
that in these capacities you prepare legislation which is primarily sponsored
by the Office of Senator Wenger, hereinafter the Office, and that you also
advise the Senator on legislative issues and prepare bill summaries and
analyses on bills scheduled for consideration by the Committee. You also
state that on January 1, 1988, you will resign your state position and accept
employment as the manager of Governmental Affairs and Economic Development
with Columbia Gas, effective January 4, 1988. You conclude by asking what
restrictions the Ethics Act would impose upon you regarding your dealing with
the Senate and the members thereof following the termination of your state
service.
Discussion: As a Legislative Aide and Executive Director for both the Office
and the Committee, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of
this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is based
upon your job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that you have the power to take or recommend official action
of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement,
planning, inspecting or other activities where the economic impact is greater
than de minimus on the interests of another person. See Shopp, 87 -601.
Mr. Gary W. Babin
December 24, 1987
Page 2
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of Lhe Ethics Act. Section
3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request it is necessary identify the
"governmental body" with which you were associated while working with the
Office and Committee. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with the
concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In this context, the
Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the "governmental body" with which
an individual may be deemed to have been associated during his tenure of
public office or employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also
Kury vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940
(1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been the Office and the Committee.
Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been "associated" upon the
termination of your employment would be the Office and the Committee.
Therefore, within the first year after you would leave the Pennsylvania
Senate, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict your
"representation" of persons or new employers vis-a-vis the Office and
Committee.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the Office and Committee. Likewise, there
is no general limitation on the type of employment in which you may engage,
following your departure from the Pennsylvania Senate. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the law generally
is that during the term of a person's public employment he must act
consistently with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
that individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with the
public sector, officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association
with his former public employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
Mr. Gary W. Babin
December 24, 1987
Page 3
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the Office and Committee),
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts
with the Office and Committee;
2. Attempts to influence. the Office and Committee;
3. Participating in any matters before the Office and Committee over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while
employed by the Pennsylvania Senate;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the Office and Committee in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as. the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the Office and Committee, constitutes an attempt to influence your former
governmental body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave the Pennsylvania Senate, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated that the
inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a "pricing proposal,"
even if submitted to or reviewed by the Office and Committee, is not
prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik, 84 -007.
Mr. Gary W. Babin
December 24, 1987
Page 4
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
Office and Committee so long as you are not identified as the preparer. You
may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the
Office and Committee. Once again, however, your activity in this respect
should not be revealed to the Office and Committee. Of course, any ban under
the Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you from making general
informational inquiries of the Office and Committee to secure information
which is available to the general public. See Cutt, 79 -023. This, of course,
must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Office and Committee your representation of, cr
work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Lastly, the question which you have posed has only been addressed under
the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, regulation, or
ordinance or other code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been
considered.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act
would prohibit any public employee or public official from accepting a
position of employment if said position has been offered based upon the
understanding that the official conduct of the employee or official, while
working for his former governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See
65 P.S. §403(b).
Conclusion: As a Legislative Aide and Executive Director of the Office and
Committee, you are to be considered a "public employee" as defined in the
Ethics Act. Upon termination of your service with Pennsylvania Senate, you
would become a "former public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the
requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your governmental body for
the purpose of the one year representation restriction is the Office and
Committee.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as outlined
above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also requires you to file a
Statement of Financial Interests for the year following your'termination of
service.
Mr. Gary W. Babin
December 24, 1987
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel