HomeMy WebLinkAbout87-601 ShoppMr. Bradley P. Shopp
S. R. Wojdak and Assoc. Inc.
610 North Third Street
Harrisburg, PA 17101
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PA 17120
TELEPHONE: (717) 783 -1610
August 7, 1987
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
87 -601
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Legislative Assistant Pennsylvania
Senate
Dear Mr. Shopp:
This responds to your letter of June 22, 1987, in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
employment following your termination of service with the Senate.
Facts: Until recently, you served as Executive Assistant to Senator John J.
Shumaker. In your former position, your duties and responsibilities consisted
of supervising other staff members at both the Capitol and District offices,
handling constituent work and maintaining contact with municipal, township and
county officials relative to various projects and issues. In addition, you
served as Executive Director to the Senate Law and Justice Committee wherein,
- as part of your duties, you performed legislative analysis, conducted
research, developed background papers on major issues and prepared speaches.
Following the termination of your service with the office of Senator
Shumaker you accepted a position with a lobbying firm.
Discussion: At the outset, it must be noted that the Ethics Commission may
only address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The
Commission may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or
obligations that may be imposed by other provisions of law such as the State
Adverse Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
As an Executive Assistant for the Pennsylvania Senate, hereinafter the
Senate, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the definition of
that term as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is based upon
Mr. Bradley P. Shopp
August 7, 1987
Page 2
your job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates
clearly that you have the power to take or recommend official action of a
non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement, planning,
inspecting or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person. See Steck, 86 -629; Buffington,
86 -008.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act.
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403(e).
Initially, to answer your request, the "governmental body" with which you
were associated while working with the Senate, must be identified. Then, the
scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation," must be reviewed. In this context, the Ethics Commission
has previously ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may
be deemed to have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence, responsibility,
supervision, or control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been exercised in relation to the office
of Senator Shumaker and the Senate Law and Justice Committee, hereinafter the
Office and Committee. Thus, the „ governmental body” with which you have been
"associated" upon the termination of your employment would be the Office and
Committee. Therefore, within the first year after you would leave the
Senate, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict your
"representation" of persons or new employers vis -a -vis the Office and
Committee.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the Office and Committee. Likewise,
there is no general limitation on the type of employment in which you may
engage, following your departure from the Senate. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts
and violations of the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that
during the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently with
the public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that individual
Mr. Bradley P. Shopp
August 7, 1987
Page 3
should not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or
benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association with his
former public employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "represenation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the Office and Committee),
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts
with the Office and Committee;
2. Attempts to influence the Office and Committee;
3. Participating in any matters before the Office and Committee over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while
employed by the Senate;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the Office and Committee in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the Office and Committee, constitutes an attempt to influence your former
governmental body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave the Senate, you should not engage in the type of activity
outlined above.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
Office and Committee so long as you are not identified as the preparer. You
may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the
Office and Committee. Once again, however, your activity in this respect
should not be revealed to the Office and Committee. Of course, any ban under
the Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you from making general
Mr. Bradley P, Shopp
August 7, 1987
Page 4
informational inquiries of the Office and Committee to secure information
which is available to the general public. See Cutt, 79 -023. This, of course,
must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Office and Committee your respresentation of, or
work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act
would prohibit any public employee or public official from accepting a
position of employment if said position has been offered based upon the
understanding that the official conduct of the employee or official, while
working for his former governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See
65 P.S. §403(b).
Conclusion: As an Executive Assistant you are to be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination of your service with
the Pennsylvania Senate you would become a "former public employee" subject to
the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your
conduct should conform to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined
above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the one year represenation
restriction is the Office of Senator Shumaker and the Senate Law and Justice
Committee.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J'. Dopko
General Counsel