HomeMy WebLinkAbout87-592 BalderstonMs. Bettylou Balderston
322 Route 46- West
Parsippany, NJ 07054
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PA 17120
TELEPHONE: (717) 783 -1610
July 2, 1987
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Borough Manager,
Investment /Development Firm
Dear Ms. Balderston:
87 -592
This responds to your letter of June.. 1, 1987, .i n which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the Borough of
New Hope.
Facts: On December 31, 1986 you resigned your position as borough manager of
New Hope, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. At that time you became employed by
with an investment /development firm in Northern New Jersey known as Condor
Properties. You note that one of the projects purchased by your employer was
an undeveloped site in New Hope Borough. In your capacity as project
coordinator for Condor Properties, you ask what restrictions would be imposed
upon you following the termination of your employment with the Borough.
New Hope Ordinance No. 232, which outlines the job description for the
position of borough manager, is incorporated herein by reference. Section 6
of Ordinance No. 232 provides that the manager shall be the chief
administrative officer of the borough and shall be responsible for the
efficient administration of the affairs of the borough and the implementation
of policy and programs as set forth by borough council. The duties and
authority of the borough manager shall relate to those matters of general
management except for those duties that.are specifically imposed by statute,
resolution or ordinance upon the borough officers themselves. The borough
manager shall also exercise those non - legislative and non - judicial duties
which may be appropriately delegated. Specifically, the borough manager shall
have the following duties and responsibilities: to recommend to borough
council the hiring, suspension or discharge of employees under the supervision
of the borough manager; to recommend to borough council a standard pay
schedule for all employees under the borough manager's supervision; to perform
Ms. Bettylou Balderston
July 2, 1987
Page 2
evaluations of the employees under the borough manager's supervision; to
prepare and submit to borough council a budget with an explanatory budget
message; to prepare for submission to borough council a fiscal financial
report; to advise borough council as to the financial condition and possible
needs of the borough; to recommend to council the adoption of any measures
that are necessary for the health, safety and welfare of the community; to
execute and enforce the laws of the Commonwealth and the political
subdivisions thereof to prepare an agenda and attend all meetings of the
borough council; to oversee that all provisions of franchises, lease, permits
and privileges granted by the borough are observed; to supervise the
performance and execution of all contracts; to make certain that all monies
owed to the borough are promptly paid and to institute proceedings for
security and collection of borough claims; to act as the purchasing officer
for the borough; to receive and investigate complaints relative to borough
services and the administration of borough matters; to oversee the writing of
all reports and correspondence and to cooperate with the borough council so
that the best interest of the borough and general public is maintained and
lastly to perform any other duties that may be required of the borough
council. -
In your capacity of borough manager you also had certain responsibilities
with the planning commission. You, as borough manager, and the commission
secretary worked together in coordinating submissions and reviews. Further,
you participated in the authorship of various planning ordinances and
poli ci es. When di rected by the borough council , you even di rected the
planning commission. You also interviewed developers and real estate
personnel prior to plan submission and formal review. You negotiated projects
on behalf of New Hope Borough with the planning commission. The submission
and distribution of plans by and to the borough manager is required by the
Land Development and Subdivision Ordinance. You did not, however, attend any
scheduled meetings of the planning commission and did not participate
regardi ng any internal recommendations.
Following your resignation and termination of your position as borough
manager with New Hope Borough, you became project coordinator with Condor
Properties as previously noted. One of the several projects on which you act
as project coordinator is located in New Hope Borough, Bucks County
Pennsylvania. The particular site in question was developed prior to your
empl oyment as borough manager but was abandoned by the origi nal developer and
taken over by the financing institution, City Bank of New York. After City
Bank had negotiated with the Borough of New Hope for almost five years, they
in turn sold the site to Condor Properties. You note that you were an active
participant in the negotiations with the borough of New Hope, but the
negotiations were unproductive and City Bank elected to market the property.
Ms. Bettylou Balderston
July 2, 1987
Page 3
You note that you did not meet your present employer until after you left
your position as borough manager of New Hope Borough. Lastly, you state that
Condor Industries was not involved with the Borough of New Hope in developing
this particular site while you were employed as borough manager.
Based upon the above facts, you inquire as to what restrictions the
Ethics Act imposes upon you for one year after the termination of your public
empl oyme nt.
Discussion: At the outset, it must be noted that the Ethics Commission may
only address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The
Commission may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or
obligations that may be imposed by other provisions of law such as the State
Adverse Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
4
As a borough manager for New Hope Borough, you are to be considered a
"public employee" within the definition of that term as set forth in the
Ethics Act and the regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code
§1.1. This conclusion is based upon your. job description, which when reviewed
on an objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to take or
recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or other activities where the
economic impact is greater than de mrri nimus on the interests of another
person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section
3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request the " governmental body" with which you
were associated while working with New Hope Borough must be identified. Then,
the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed. In this context, the Ethics Commission has
previously ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may be
deemed to have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence, responsibility,
supervision, or control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
Ms. Betty lou Balderston
July 2, 1987
Page 4
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been both the borough council and the
planning commission. Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been
"associated" upon the termi nation of your employment would be both the borough
council and planning commission. Therefore, within the first year after
you would leave New Hope Borough, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply
and restrict your "representation" of persons or new employers vis-a-vis
borough council and the planning conmi ssion.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the borough council and the planning
commission. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from New Hope
Borough. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is
primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public
trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that should not be allowed to
utilize his association with the public sector, officials or employees to
secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of his association with his former public employer.
See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwi kl , 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is borough council and the planning
commission), including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on
contracts with the borough council and the planning commission;
2. Attempts to influence the borough council and the planning
commission;
Ms. Bettyl ou Balderston
July 2, 1987
Page 5
3. Participating in any matters before the borough council and the
planning commission over which you had supervision, direct involvement, or
responsibility while employed by New Hope Borough;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before borough council and the planning commission in relation to
1 egi sl ation, regulations, etc. See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
borough council and the planning commi ssion, constitutes an attempt to
influence your former governmental body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore,
within the first year after you leave New Hope Borough, you should not engage
in the type of activity outlined above. (The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a "pricing
proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by borough council and the
planning commission is not prohibited as .."representation." See Kotalik,
84 -007) .
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to borough
council and the planning commission so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before borough council and the planning commission. Once again, however,
your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the borough council and the
planning commission. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not
prohibit or preclude you frail making general informational inquiries of
borough council and the planning commission to secure information which is
available to the general public. See Cutt, 79 -023. This, of course, must not
be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to otherwise
make known to the borough council and the planning commission your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Additionally, Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act would prohibit any
public employee or public official from accepting a position of employment if
said position has been offered based upon the understanding that the official
conduct of the employee or official, while working for his former goverrmental
body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S. §403(b).
Ms. Bettyl ou Balderston
July 2, 1987
Page 6
Conclusion: As a borough manager, you are to be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termi nation of your service with
New Hope Borough, you would become a "former public employee" subject to the
restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct
should conform to the requi repents of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your
governmental body for the purpose of the one year representation restriction
i s borough council and the planning commi ssion.
Further, should you termi nate your employment or servi ce, as outlined
above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also requires you to file a
Statement of Financial Interests for the year fol1 owi ng your termi nation of
servi ce.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding 4initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civi 1 or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Fi nal ly, i f you disagree wi
challenge same, you may request
personal appearance before the C
Opinion from the Commission will
writing, to the Commission withi
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
th this Advice or if you have any reason to
that the full Commission review this Advice. A
ommi ssion wi 11 be scheduled and a formal
be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
n 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
�nce rely ,
Vincent . Dopko
General Counsel