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ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 12, 2017
To the Requester:
Mr. Jack H. France, Esquire
Dear Mr. France:
FACSIMILE: 717 -787 -0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.12a.gov
17 -580
This responds to your letters dated October 10, 2017, and October 20, 2017, by
which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission
( "Commission`).
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
l
a.7S. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual
serving as a member of a municipal authority board with regard to being appointed to
the position of executive director of the municipal authority, where the individual would
resign from the municipal authority board if chosen for employment in such position.
Facts: You have been authorized by Karen Marino ( "Ms. Marino ") and Dorothy
Drowicz ( "Ms. Urbanowicz ") to request an advisory from the Commission on their
behalf. You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
The Mon Valley Refuse Disposal Authority ( "Authority ") is a joint authority
organized by the City of Monessen ( "City' and the Borough of North Belle Vernon
("Borough "), each of which is located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Ms.
Marino and Ms. Urbanowicz, hereinafter collectively referred to as "the Individuals," are
Members of the Authority Board. Ms. Urbanowicz's husband also serves as an
Authority Board Member.
The Authority is managed by an Executive Director who is appointed by the
Authority Board. The position of Executive Director is part -time and involves
administering the Authority's contract with a private hauler and attending to the day -to-
day office management. The elected officials of the City and the Borough consult with
the Executive Director if the citizens of their municipalities raise issues about the duties
of the contractor. You state that there has never been an occasion where the Executive
Director had any need to participate in the representation of anyone who appeared
before the Authority Board and that the Executive Director is not involved in trying to
influence the decisions of the Authority Board.
The current Executive Director is resigning from her position. The Authority
Board received five responses to a classified advertisement seeking applications for the
Executive Director position. includina a resoonse from each of the Individuals.
France, 17 -580
fiber 12, 2017
Page 2
In a telephone conversation with Commission staff on October 23, 2017, you
stated that as to each of the Individuals, such Individual would resign from the Authority
Board if she would be chosen for employment as the Executive Director of the Authority.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would
permit either Individual to accept a position as the Executive Director of the Authority,
where the Individual would resign from the Authority Board if she would be chosen for
employment in such position; and if so, whether the Individual's appointment to such
position should be conditioned upon the requirement that the Individual would not
represent anyone before the Authority Board within one year of resigning to become the
Executive Director of the Authority.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Act, an opinion/advice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct. To
the extent that your inquiry relates to conduct that has already occurred, such past
conduct may not be addressed in the context of an advisory opinion. However, to the
extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may and shall be addressed.
As Members of the Authority Board, the Individuals are public officials subject to
the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030} of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest, - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
0) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
France, 17-580
fiber 12, 2017
Page 3
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation. The abstention requirement would not be
limited merely to voting, but would extend to any use of authority of office including, but
not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular result.
Juliante, Order 809. Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting
cow lint, Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would require the public official/public
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes.
Section 1103(8g) of the Ethics Act imposes post - termination restrictions upon
former public officials [public employees:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
France, 17 -580
December 12, 2017
Page 4
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated
one year after a eaves t at body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submittingg bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain tre name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or em .ployee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to your advisory request, you
are advised as follows.
As to each Individual, subject to the condition that there would be no use of
authority of the Individual's public office as an Authority Board Member or confidential
information received by being in her public office to advance the prospects of her
obtaining employment as the Executive Director of the Authority, Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act would not prohibit the Individual from being appointed to the position of
Executive Director of the Authority where the Individual would resign from the Authority
Board if chosen for employment in such position.
Upon resigning from her position as an Authority Board Member, the Individual
would become a "former public official" subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) of
the Ethics Act. The governmental body with which the Individual would be deemed to
have been associated upon termination of service as an Authority Board Member would
be the Authority in its entirety. While applicable, Section 1103(8) of the Ethics Act
would restrict "representation" of a "person" before the Authority.
However, per Commission precedents, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act does
not prohibit the appointment/rehiring of a former public official /public employee to a
public office or position of public employment with the former governmental body.
Confidential Opinion, 93 -005; Confidential Opinion, 97 -008; Long, Opinions 97 -010 and
97-010-R; Mc lathery, Opinion 00 -004.
France, 17-580 Die
Dec—ember 12, 2017
Page 5
Therefore, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit the Individual
from accepting the employment position of Executive Director of the Authority following
her resignation from the Authority Board. If the Individual would be appointed as the
Executive Director of the Authority, she would in that capacity be considered a public
official/public employee subject to the Ethics Act, and Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would cease to apply.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Municipality Authorities Act.
Conclusion:
Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) the Mon Valley Refuse Disposal
Authority ( "Authorit ') is a Joint authority organized b the City of Monessen ( "City ") and
the Borough of North Belle Vernon ( Borough "), each of which is located in
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; (2 ) Karen Marino and Dorothy Urbanowicz ( "Ms.
Urbanowicz "), hereinafter collectively referred to as "the Individuals," are Members of
the Authority Board; (3) Ms. Urbanowicz's husband also serves as an Authority Board
Member; (4) the Authority is managed by an Executive Director who is appointed by the
Authority Board; (5) the position of Executive Director is part -time and involves
administering the Authority's contract with a private hauler and attending to the day -to-
day office management; (6) the elected officials of the City and the Borough consult with
the Executive Director if the citizens of their municipalities raise issues about the duties
of the contractor; (7) there has never been an occasion where the Executive Director
had any need to participate in the representation of anyone who appeared before the
Authority Board, and the Executive Director is not involved in trying to influence the
decisions of the Authority Board; (8) the current Executive Director is resigning from her
position; (9) the Authority Board received five responses to a classified advertisement
seeking applications for the Executive Director position, including a response from each
of the Individuals; and (10) as to each of the Individuals, such Individual would resign
from the Authority Board if she would be chosen for employment as the Executive
Director of the Authority, you are advised as follows.
As Members of the Authority Board, the Individuals are public officials subject to
the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq. As to each Individual, subject to the condition that there would be no use
of authority of the Individual's public office as an Authority Board Member or confidential
information received by being in her public office to advance the prospects of her
obtaining employment as the Executive Director of the Authority, Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act would not prohibit the Individual from being appointed to the position of
Executive Director of the Authority where the Individual would resign from the Authority
Board if chosen for employment in such position.
Upon resigning from her position as an Authority Board Member, the Individual
would become a "former public official" subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) of
the Ethics Act. The governmental body with which the Individual would be deemed to
have been associated upon termination of service as an Authority Board Member would
be the Authority in its entirety. While applicable, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would restrict "representation" of a "person" before the Authority.
Section 1103(7g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit the Individual from accepting
the employment position of Executive Director of the Authority following her resignation
from the Authority Board. If the Individual would be appointed as the Executive Director
of the Authority, she would in that capacity be considered a public official/public
France, 17 -580
fiber 12, 2017
Page 6
employee subject to the Ethics Act, and Section 1'103 g) of the Ethics Act would cease
to apply. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduc� has only been addressed under
the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107 (11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 59 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sinc ly,
4�.M.
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel
Mwrr