HomeMy WebLinkAbout87-513A ReedMr. Donald G. Reed
36 West Fourth Street
Emporium, PA 15834
Dear Mr. Reed:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PA 17120
TELEPHONE: (717) 783 -1610
June 15, 1987
SUPPLEMENTAL ADVICE OF COUNSEL
87 -513A
Re: Conflict of Interest, Executive Director of the Economic Development
Office, Governmental Business Complex, Administration of a Community
Development Block Grant, Interest in Corporation Seeking to Rent Space in
Complex
Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of June 4, 1987, wherein you
request clarification and additional advice as to a previous Advice of Counsel
No. 87 -513 dated February 11, 1987.
Issue: Whether there is any prohibition under the State Ethics Act when the
executive director of a county economic development office seeks to administer
a community development block grant in a complex when none of the community
development block grant funds will be used for the improvement of certain
buildings located in the complex which buildings are leased by a company in
which the executive director is a stockholder.
Facts: As previously noted in Advices of Counsel Nos. 86 -623 and 87 -513, the
Mid - Cameron Municipal Authority, hereinafter Authority, being a joint project
of the borough of Emporium and Shippen Township, purchased a multi - tenant
manufacturing complex which is now known as the Emporium Trade Center,
hereinafter ETC. You as executive director of the Cameron County Economic
Development Office, hereinafter CCEDO, being a county entity, assist in the
application for Community Development Block Grant Funds, hereinafter CDBG,
which are received from the federal government through the Pennsylvania
Department of Community Affairs. You, as executive director, receive your
salary from the county but are not a member of the Authority. You also have a
private interest, as a stockholder, in a company known as PA Door & Millwork,
Ltd., hereinafter PA Door, in which your two brothers are the other
stockholders.
You were previously advised that there would be no prohibitions as to
your involvement with PA Door which rents space in ETC provided you would be
performing no tasks relative to the management of the complex and relative to
the leasing of the office space in the complex. The advice was based upon the
premise that you as executive director would have no involvement with the
specific buildings from which PA Door would rent space. You were further
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 2
cautioned, however, that if you were called upon in your capacity as executive
director to perform certain functions wherein a conflict of interest would
develop, you should abstain from participating in those matters and so note it
of public record.
You now seek clarification and additional advice regarding the
administration of the CDBG 86 grant for ETC. Specifically, you ask whether
there would be any conflict i'f you would administer the whole CDBG 86 grant
when no CDBG funds would be used for the buildings in which PA Door leases
space. Secondly, you inquire as to whether there would be a conflict if funds
from the Economic Development Administration,. hereinafter EDA, would be used
to renovate the buildings in which PA Door leases space when the Authority has
the absolute prerogative in administering the EDA grant. Lastly, you inquire
as to whether there would be any conflict if you terminate your position as
executive director followed by employment with PA Door.
Discussion: As previously noted in the prior Advices of Counsel, you are a
public employee as that term is defined in section 402 of the State Ethics Act
and hence, your conduct must conform to the requirements of that law.
Section 3(a) of the State Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act does provide that no public official or
public employee shall use his public office or any confidential information
obtained through holding of a public office or position to acquire financial
gain for himself, his immediate family, or a business with which he is
associated. See 65 P.S. 403(a). A "business with which he is associated" is
defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate
family is a director, officer, owner, employee or holder
of stock. 65 P.S. 402.
Since PA Door is a business with which you are associated, as defined in
the Ethics Act, you should not participate in any decisions, discussions or
recommendations that would benefit PA Door wherein you are a stockholder.
Specifically, as to the administration of the CDBG 86 Grant by your office, it
is noted that none of those funds would be used to renovate buildings 10
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 3
through 16 which are occupied by PA Door, Since it would appear that the
administration of the CDBG 86 funds would not insure to PA Door, the Ethics
Act would not prohibit CCEDO from administering that grant, provided the facts
are as outlined above.
As to the second inquiry as to whether there would be a conflict in your
administering the CDBG Grant if the Authority decided to use EDA funds in
buildings 10 through 16 which' are leased by PA Door, section 3(a) of the
Ethics Act quoted above must be considered.
As outline above, this section of the Act prohibits a public employee
from utilizing his position to obtain financial gain. You state that the
Authority administers the EDA Grant and that none of the tenants including PA
Door has any input as to how the funds would be expended. As previsously
noted, you as executive director are not a member of the Authority. The
administration of the EDA Grant by the Authority would not conflict with the
administration of the CDBG program by your office provided there is absolutely
no input, discussions, recommendations or any influence by you to the
Authority dealing with the application of the EDA funds.
Lastly, you inquire as to whether there would be any conflict if you
would terminate your position as executive director followed by your
employment with PA Door. Although you raise the question in the context of
whether the CCEDO would be absolved of any conflict of interest, the question
can only be reviewed in the context of your activity as a public employee.
Section 7 (9)(i) and (ii) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 7. Duties of the commission.
(9) (i) Issue to any person, upon such person's request, an
opinion with respect to such person's duties under this
act. The commission shall, within 14 days, either issue
the opinion or advise the person who made the request
whether an opinion will be issued. No person who acts in
good faith on an opinion issued to him by the commission
shall be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so
acting, provided that the material facts are as stated in
the opinion request. The commission's opinions shall be
public records and may from time to time be published.
65 P.S. 407(9)(1).
(ii) Provide written advice to any person upon their
request with respect to such person's duties under this
act. Such advice shall be provided within 21 working days
of the request, provided that the time may be extended for
good cause. It shall be a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the commission, and
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 4
evidence of good faith conduct in any civil or criminal
proceding, if the requester, at least 21 working days
prior to the alleged violation, requested written advice
from the commission in good faith, disclosed truthfully
all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of either in reliance on the advice or beacuse of the
failure of the commission to provide advice with 21 days
of the request of such later extended time. 65 P.S. 407(ii).
Under the above quoted provisions, only advice or an opinion can be given
to you but, not CCEDO as to possible conflicts of interests under the Ethics
Act.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section
3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body" with which you
were associated while working with CCEDO must be identified. Then, the scope
of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term of "representation"
must be reviewed. In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled
that the "governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to have
been associated during his tenure of public office or employment extends to
those entities where he had influence, responsibility, supervision, or
control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been CCEDO. Thus, the "governmental
body" with which you have been "associated" upon the termination of your
employment would be CCEDO. Therefore, within the first year after you would
leave CCEDO, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict your
"representation" of persons or new employers vis-a-vis CCEDO.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the CCEDO. Likewise, there is no general
limitation on the type of employment in which you may engage, following your
departure from CCEDO. We do note, however, that the conflicts of interest law
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 5
is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public
trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be allowed to
utilize his association with the public sector, officials or employees to
secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of hts association with his former public employer.
See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is CCEDO), including, but not limited
to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts with the CCEDO;
2. Attempts to influence CCEDO;
3. Participating in any matters before CCEDO over which you had
supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while employed by CCEDO;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before CCEDO in relation to legislation, regulations, etc. See
Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
you, constitutes an attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year after you leave CCEDO,
you should not engage in the type of activity outlined above. (The
Commission, however, has stated that the inclusion of your name as an employee
or consultant on a "pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by
you, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik, 84 -007).
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 6
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to CCEDO so
long as you are not identified as the pr @parer. You may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before CCEDO. Once again, however,
your activity in this respect should not be revealed to the CCEDO. Of course,
any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you from making
general informational inquiries of CCEDO to secure information which is
available to the general public. See Cutt, 79 -023. This, of course, must not
be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to otherwise
make known to the CCEDO your representation of, or work . for your new
empl oyer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be, prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Additionally, we note that Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act would
prohibit any public employee or public official from accepting a position of
employment if said position has been offered based upon the understanding that
the official conduct of the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S. §403(b).
Conclusion: As a executive director of CCEDO, you are to be considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act.
Under the circumstances as outline above, there would appear to be no
prohibition for CCEDO to administer CDBG 86 provided none of the funds would
be utilized for the buildings in which PA Door leases space. Further there
would be no prohibition if the Authority decided to use EDA funds in the
buildings wherein PA Door leases space provided you have no input,
discussions, recommendations or influence relative to the application of those
monies by the Authority.
Upon termination of your service with CCEDO, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the requirements of the
Ethics Act as outlined above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the
one year representation restriction is CCEDO.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as outlined
above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also requires you to file a
Statement of Financial Interests for the year following your termination of
servi ce.
Mr. Donald G. Reed
June 15, 1987
Page 7
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
•
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
General Counsel