HomeMy WebLinkAbout87-511 YawE. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
433 Market Street
P.O. Box 7
Williamsport, PA 17703
Dear Mr. Yaw:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
February 11, 1987
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
87 - 511
Re: Trustees, Community College, Statements of Financial Interests
This responds to your letter of January 9, 1987, wherein you requested
the advice of the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the members of the board of trustees of a community college
are public officials within the purview of the State Ethics Act and thereby
required to file Statements of Financial Interests._ You further have
requested advice as to where such statements must be filed in the event that
such filing is required.
Facts: You advise that you are the solicitor for the Williamsport Area
Community College. This institution was established pursuant to the Community
College Act of 1963 as amended. You have requested the advice of the State
Ethics Commission in light of recently promulgated regulations regarding the
definition of public official. You have requested advice as to whether the
board of trustees of an area community college would be public officials
within the purview of the State Ethics Act, thereby required to file
Statements of Financial Interests. You have also requested advice regarding
the physical location for the filing of such statements, should they be
required. Specifically, you have indicated that community colleges have
generally been established through the efforts of local sponsors which may
consist of a county, city, school district, borough, township or any
combination thereof. The authority to establish a community college is
derrived from the Community College Act of 1963 as amended and is authorized
upon the approval of the Pennsylvania Department of Education. You further
advise that a substantial portion of community college funding is directly
received from the State. You requested the advice as to whether this
statement should be filed with the community college, with the Department of
Education or with some other organization or entity at the State or local
level.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 2
Discussion: The State Ethics Act requires the filing of a Statement of
Financial Interests by all public officials and public employees by May 1 of
every year in which that official or employee holds public office and for the
year after such individual leaves public employment. 65 P.S. §404(a), (d);
Kremer v. State Ethics Commission, 56 Pa. Commw. Ct. 160, 424 A.2d 968, 1981;
Carter, 79 -066. These Statements of Financial Interests are to contain the
financial interests of the public official or employee for the prior calendar
year.
As originally promulgated, the State Ethics Act sets forth the definition
of public official as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Public official." Any elected or appointed official in
the Executive, Legislative or Judicial Branch of the State
or any political subdivision thereof, provided that it
shall not include members of advisory boards that have no
authority to expend public funds other than reimbursement
for personal expense, or to otherwise exercise the power
of the State or any political subdivision thereof.
"ruoiic official" shah not include any appointed official
who receives no compensation other than reimbursement for
actual expenses. 65 P.S. 402.
Based upon this definition, prior Commission opinions had established that the
trustees of a community college were not public officials as that term was set
forth above and, therefore, not required to file Statements of Financial
Interests in accordance with Section 4 of the Act. Newton, 80 -025. This
Commission opinion was based solely on the fact that these public officials
were appointed and not compensated and, therefore, exempted from the
definition of public official. In 1981, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
issued a ruling specifically striking down as unconstitutional the last
sentence of the aforceited definition. In Snider v. Thornburgh, 69 Pa. 159,
436 A.2d 593 (1981), the Court in reaching this conclusion determined that the
appropriate remedy to be applied in such a situation would be to excise from
the definition of public official the unconstitutional phraseology. As such,
the exemption for appointed and non - compensated public officials is no longer
legally applicable. While that definitional exemption is still contained in
the statutory promulgation, the specific legal effect, at this point in time,
would be that such definition is not applicable. As a result, the State
Ethics Commission had promulgated specific rules and regulations clarifying
the definition of public official as set forth in the regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. The regulations of the State Ethics Commission, as
promulgated on November 29, 1986, now provide as follows:
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 3
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Public officials - --
An elected or appointed official in the
executive, legislative or judicial branch of the
government of the Commonwealth or its political
subdivisions. The terms does not include a member of
an advisory board who has no authority to spend public
funds other than reimbursement for personal expenses
or to otherwise exercise the power of the State or a
political subdivision thereof.
(i) The following criteria will be used to
determine if the exception in this paragraph is
applicable:
(A) The body will be deemed to have the power
to expend public funds if the body may commit funds
or may otherwise make payment of monies, enter into
contracts, invest funds held in reserves, make loans
or grants, borrow money, issue bonds, employ staff,
purchase, lease, acquire or sell real or personal
property without the consent or approval of the
governing body and the effect of the power to
expend public funds has a greater than de minimus
effect on the interest of a person.
(B) The body will be deemed to have the
authority to otherwise exercise the power of the
State or of a political subdivision if one of the
following exists:
(I) The body makes binding decisions or
orders adjudicating substantive issues which are
appealable to a body or person other than the
governing authority.
(II) The body exercises a basic power of
government and performs essential governmental
functions.
(III) The governing authority is bound by
statute or ordinance to accept and enforce the
rulings of the body.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 4
(IV) The body may compel the governing
authority to act in accordance with the body's
decisions or restrain the governing authority
from acting contrary to the body's decisions.
(V) The body makes independent decisions
which are effective without approval of the
governing authority.
(VI) The body may adopt, amend and repeal
resolutions, rules, regulations, or ordinances.
(VII) The body has the power of eminent
domain, or condemnation.
(VIII) The enabling legislation of the body
indicates that the body is established for
exercising public powers of the Commonwealth or
a political subdivision.
(ii) The term does not include judges and
inspectors of elections, notary publics and political
party officers.
(iii) The term generaly includes persons in the
following offices:
(A) Incumbents of offices filled by nomination
of the Governor and confirmation of the Senate.
(B) Heads of executive, legislative and
independent agencies, boards and commissions.
(C) Persons who report directly to heads of
executive, legislative and independent agencies,
boards and commissions except clerical personnel.
(D) Members of agencies, hoards and
commissions appointed by the General Assembly or
its officers.
(E) School superintendents and assistant
superintendents.
(F) Persons appointed to positions designated
as offices by code, charter or the like of the
Commonwealth or its political subdivisions.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 5
(G) Members of municipal, industrial
development, housing, parking and similar
authorities.
(H) Members of zoning hearing boards and
similar quasijudicial bodies.
(I) Members of other public bodies meeting the
criteria set forth in subparagraph (i)(A). 51 Pa.
Code §1.1 as amended 1986, 16 Pa. Bulletin 4653
As can clearly be seen from above, the issue as to whether or not a specific
individual is a public official within the purview of the State Ethics Act now
turns upon a finding of whether said individuals serves upon a board that is
merely advisory in nature, that has no power to expend public funds, or that
has no authority to exercise the power of the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision. Thus, in determining whether the members of a board of trustees
of a community college are public officials, we must first look to the
appropriate criteria set forth in the above definition. In order to determine
if the trustees of a community college appropriately fit this criteria, we
must turn to the enabling legislation which sets forth the powers and duties
of the board of trustees of a community college.
Specifically, the Community College Act of 1963, as amended in 1985,
provides as follows:
POWERS AND DUTIES OF BOARD OF TRUSTEES
(a) The affairs of any community college established
under this act shall be administered and supervised by a
board of trustees. Subject to any law and to any
policies, standards, rules and regulations adopted by the
State Board of Education provided for community colleges,
the hoard shall, for the.purpose of establishing and
operating and maintaining a community college, have the
power, and its duty shall be:
(2) To hold, rent, lease, sell, purchase and improve
land, buldings, furnishings, equipment, material, books
and supplies.
(3) To enter into contracts for services with schools,
colleges or universities, or with school districts or
municipalities, to effectuate the purposes of this act.
(4) To accept and receive gifts of real and personal
property and Federal, State and local moneys and grants,
and to expend the same.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 6
(5) To make policies providing for the admission and
expulsion of students, the courses of instruction, the
tuition and fees to be charged and for all matters related
to the government and administration of college.
(6) To submit to the State Board of Education for its
approval proposed amendments to the comunity college plan.
(7) To enter into contracts for services to high schools
of member districts to provide area vocational- tehcnical
education services. -
(8) To exercise such other powers and perform such other
duties as are necessary to carry into effect the purposes .
of this act.
(b) Contracts shall be entered into and other acts shall
be done by the board of trustees of a community college in
the name of the community college. The board of trustees
shall submit an annual budget for consideration and
approval by the local sponsor. The submission of the
budget by the board of trustees shall constitute a "formal
action" as defined by the act of July 19, 1974 (P.L. 486,
No. 175), referred to as the Public Agency Open Meeting
Law. The board of trustees shall supervise the
expenditure of appropriations made by the local sponsor
and shall conduct the business affairs of the community
college in accordance with rules, regulations and
procedures approved by the local sponsor. All property
purchased by or granted to the board of trustees of a
community college shall be held in the name of a community
college on behalf of the local sponsor of the college.
When the above powers and duties as enumerated in the enabling legislation are
compared to the appropriate criteria in the definition of public official, it
is clear that the individuals serving as trustees on community college boards
are serving in a capacity that is more than mere advisory in nature. They
clearly have the power to expend public funds and may exercise the authority
of the Commonwealth or a political subdivision. As such, there is no doubt
that these individuals would be public officials within the purview of the
State Ethics Act. This analysis is clearly in accord with prior Commission
precedent. See Dice, 85 -021. Thus, based upon all of the foregoing, you are
advised that the members of the board of trustees of a community college are
public officials within the purview of the State Ethics Act and must file
Statements of Financial Interests by May 1, 1987.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 7
In relation to the second question that you have posed, the regulations
of the State Ethics Commission provide as follows:
§4.3.Appointed officials.
(c) Any person appointed as an official not subject
to confirmation in any governing body other than those
specified in subsection (b) shall file a Statement of
Financial Interests only with his governing body by May 1
of the year appointed or within 15 days if appointed after
May 1. 51 Pa. Code 4.3(c).
As can be observed from the above provision of the regulations, any appointed
official, who is not subject to confirmation, will file his Statement of
Financial Interests only with his governing body. The governing body for a
community college would appear to be the board of trustees of that college and
the appropriate location desginated by that governing body. This would be in
line with the Commission's decision regarding municipal authorities. (See Pa.
Bulletin March 22, 1986, Volume 16, Page 1009. Thus, pursuant to the
aforementioned regulations and opinions of the Commission, you are advised
that the Statements of Financial Interests for the members of the board of
trustees of the Williamsport Area Community College may be filed with that
governing body. The board of trustees may establish a central location for
the filing of statements, such as with the Office of the president of the
community college or the secretary of the board of trustees. These statements
should be in a location that are accessible by the public during normal
working hours.
Conclusion: Trustees of a community college are public official's as set
forth in the State Ethics Act and, as such, must file a Statement of Financial
Interests in accordance with the law. Said statements should be filed in a
central location, available to the public, as designated by the governing
body.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
E. Eugene Yaw, Esquire
February 11, 1987
Page 8
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sinc
ont o
g General Counsel