HomeMy WebLinkAbout86-551 McClellanSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
May 6, 1986
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Mr. Mark M. McClellan 86 -551
Executive Director
Citizens Advisory Council
Department of Environmental Resources
P.O. Box 2357
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120
RE: Former Puhlic Employee, Temporary Employment By Former Governmental Body
Dear Mr. McClellan:
This responds to your letter of April 21, 1986, wherein you requested the
opinion of the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether a former public employee may continue to provide services to
his former governmental body after his resignation until a full -time
replacement has been obtained.
Facts: You advised that you are currently serving as an Executive Director of
the Citizens Advisory Council, hereinafter the Council, in the Department of
Environmental Resources. The Council is mandated to advise the Governor, the
General Assembly, and the Department of Environmental Resources on
environmental affairs; to review and recommend revisions of all environmental
laws; and to recommend necessary changes within the Department's policies and
programs. The Council is an independent body with the sole authority to hire
and set the salary of its staff memhers. As Executive Director to the council
you are in charge of the day -to -day activities of the organization and are
involved in researching, analyzing and issuing recommendations involving
complex public policy issues related to environmental protection, resource
management issues, and the functions and operations of the Department of
Environmental Resources. You are also involved in representing the council
before the executive and legislative officials, environmental officials,
husiness and industrial groups and the public to explain council actions and
positions. We have reviewed your job description for this position and
incorporate that document herein by reference.
Mr. Mark M. McClellan
May 6, 1986
Page 2
Effective May 28, 1986, you will be resigning your position as Executive
Director in order to enter the private sector. In this capacity you will be
forming a consulting firm to be known as Associated Resource Consultants.
Thi s firm wi 1 1 speci al i ze i n environmental consulting and environmental
mediation.
You further advise that your consulting practice initially wi 11 consist
of advising private clients on the development of environmental and energy
projects, such as code generation and resource recovery facilities, regulatory
interpretation, providing mediation services, and conducting envi ronmental
seminars for private organizations. You will not be involved in any other
contract with the Commonwealth during this time.
You advise that the council will be seeking a new full -time executive
director but that a replacement may not be obtained by the council for a
period of six to eight weeks after your resignation. As such, the council is
interested in contracting with you on a part -time basis to perform the
essential administrative functions of the council until such time as a
full -time executive di rector is obtained. While you will serve as an
administrator primarily involved in handli ng documents and monitoring on -going
council activities, you would not be involved in officially representing the
council in any formal capacity.
Discussion: Initially, it should be noted that this advice has been issued
with the approval of the full Commission. As Executive Director to the
Citizens Advisory Council in the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources there is no doubt that you are a public employee as that term is
defined in the State Ethics Act. 65 P.S. §402. As such, your conduct must
conform to the requirements of the State Ethics Act. Generally, the State
Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shal 1 represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403(e).
This Commission has been called upon a number of times to interpret the
above cited provision of law and has generally determined that this provision
would present an absolute prohibition upon an individual's representation of
any person, i ncludi ng his own business, before his former governmental body
for a period of one year after he terminates public service. In the instant
situation we are called upon to determine whether this provision of law would
prevent you from continuing to serve your former governmental body after your
official resignation from that organization. Officially, you will be
Mr. Mark M. McClellan
May 6, 1986
Page 3
resigning your position from the Council and thus, would technically become a
former public employee. Under normal circumstances and interpretations of the
above provision of law, you could not represent yourself in obtaining any
contract with that governmental body for a period of one year after you
terminate your services. In the instant situation, however, you advise that
your service will be in a capacity of continuing as Executive Director until a
suitable replacement is found. In affect you would still be serving as a
public employee while you have simultaneously initiated a private consulting
business. This Commission has previously determined on a number of occasions
that the State Ethics Act would not prohibit a public employee from serving in
a position of public employment while simultaneously engaging in private
business activities. See, Hershock, 85 -016. Of course, the Commission has
also required that individuals who simultaneously serve in public positions
and private enterprise must avoid all conflicts of interests and otherwise
comport with the requirements of the State Ethics Act. We will, therefore,
set forth the approrpiate requirements in this respect. While you continue to
serve on a part -time basis as the administrative head of the Advisory Council,
we believe that you will continue to be a public employee within the
definition of the State Ethics Act. Therefore, you must be aware that Section
3(a) of the State Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Within the above provision of law you may not use your public position with
the Council in order to obtain any financial gain for your private business
enterprise. You may not use confidential information obtained on the Council
for similar purposes. Thus, if any matter comes before the Council that
involves a client with whom you have a private business relationship, you may
not participate in the council 's activities involving such individual or
entity. This would include not only the council's decision in relation to
such private business entity but the council's administration of any matter
that specifically involves that particular entity or individual. Similarly,
you may not use any confidential information that you have obtained by virtue
of your position on the council to the benefit of any client of your private
business entity.
In addition to the foregoing, we will also point out in order to be
complete, that Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act provides that no public
offici al my accept any thi ng of value, i ncludi ng a promi se of future
employment, based upon the understanding that their official action will be
influenced thereby. 65 P.S. 403(b). We make reference to this provision of
Mr. Mark M. McClellan
May 6, 1986
Page 4
law not to imply that there has or will be any implication of the above
prohibition but rather in order to provide a complete response to your
question. Within the above provision of law, therefore, you may not as the
Executive Director of the council take any action on behalf of an individual
based upon the understanding that such individual will later employ your
private consulting firm.
In addition to the foregoing, the State Ethics Act also allows the
Commission to address other areas of possible conflict. 65 P.S. §403(d).
While we cannot envision all potential areas of conflict that could arise in
this situation, you are advised that as a continuing public employee you
should be aware of the above provision of law and in the event that a
situation develops that may involve a conflict of interests between your
private position and your continued public employment, you should address that
particular issue to this Commission for resolution.
As noted above, the State Ethics Act provides a one year of restriction
on former public employees. We have addressed your question in light of this
particular restriction and have determined that although you are officially
resigning from the Citizens Advisory Council, you will continue to be a public
employee within the provisions of the State Ethics Act. Therefore, in the
instant situation and based upon the facts of this specific situation, we do
not believe that Section 3(e) places any prohibition upon your contemplated
activity. We do note, however, that our decision in this respect is based
primarily upon the fact that you have indicated that your service in this
part -time capacity will continue until July of 1986. In the event that this
service would continue beyond a reasonable eriod of time,
P this Commission .
would not reach the same result as such a continued part -time employment would
appear to be an arrangement which would effectively evade Section 3(e) of the
State Ethics Act. That is, this Commission could not condone a situation
where through the arrangement of a continued method of part -time employment,
Section 3(e) could effectively be avoided. In the instant situation we do not
believe that this has occurrred and because of the temporary nature of your
continued association with the council, we do not believe that 3(e) is
currently applicable. We also note that we are assuming for the purposes of
this Advice, that your compensation and the benefits received for this
temporary assignment will be reasonably related and proportioned in accordance
with the compensation that you previously received in this position. In
addition to the foregoing, we note that the one year restriction set forth in
Section 403(e) of the Act cited above, will be begin with your final
termination of service from the council. That is, your one year period w i l l
begin to run after your temporary duties with the council have been completed.
This is in accord with our finding that your have continued in this position
to serve as a public employee. In the context of this advice we will not set
forth all of the restrictions that are applicable under Section 403(e) of the
Act and you may wish to seek the additional advice of the Commission in
relation to the 403(e) restrictions that are applicable after your final
termination of service.
Mr. Mark M. McClellan
May 6, 1986
Page 5
Conclusion: Section 403(e) of the State Ethics Act will not prohibit a public
employee from continuing on a part -time basis to serve his former governmental
body until his permanent replacement is obtained by that governmental body.
This decision, however, is based upon the fact that such temporary service
will be for a resonable period of time and the compensation received for such
service will be proportioned in relation to the compensation that said
individual received while employed full -time. The one year representation
restrictions are calculated in this situation from the point in time when such
temporary service is terminated and not from the time of your official
resignation.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Joh . Conti no
General Counsel