HomeMy WebLinkAbout86-541 KanisMr. George L. Kanis
Star Route
Spring Church, PA 15686
Dear Mr. Kanis:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 18, 1986
86 - 541
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Highway Designer II, Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation
This responds to your letter of March 12, 1986, in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Facts: You are currently employed by the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation in Engineering District 10 -0 as a Highway Designer II. You
advised that you are currently considering retiring and considering obtaining
private employment with a consulting engineering firm. We have reviewed your
job specifications for the position that you hold with the Department of
Transportation, (1032) and have incorporated that document herein by
reference. As a highway designer, you are responsible for highly advance
technical work and designing highway projects. You operate independently and
participate in the preparation and review of plans for complex highway
projects. Work involves following complex design procedures and performing
assignments. Your work may include lead work over lower level technicians
engaged in highway design, drafting and detailing functions. As part of your
functions and duties, you review statewide contract proposals involving
lighting projects and completed type designs. You review complex design plans
prepared by consultants for technical standards and adherence to applicable
specifications. You also were responsible for acting as a liaison contact
with consultants who prepared various pre- design and design plan studies. You
also were invovled to computing cost estimates for the projects in which you
were involved.
Mr. George L. Kanis
April 18, 1986
Page 2
Your main responsibility, as set forth in your job description, was for
the coordination of the Transportation Systems Management Program regarding
urbanized areas in the district. Generally, in relation to this project you
were responsible for coordinating the collection and analysis of data,
preparation of necessary preliminary design alternatives or development of a
totally new design package and the determination of costs and impacts of the
proposal in relation to this project.
In relation to the foregoing, you requested the advice of the State
Ethics Commission as to any restrictions that may be imposed upon you within
the purview of the State Ethics Act.
Discussion: At the outset, it must be noted that the Ethics Commission may
only address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The
Commission may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or
obligations that may be imposed by other provisions of law such as the State
Adverse Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
As a Highway Designer II for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, hereinafter PennDot, you are to be considered a "public
employee" within the definition of that term as set forth in the Ethics Act
and the regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This
conclusion is based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to take or
recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or other activities where the
economic impact is greater than de minimus on the interests of another person.
See Engle, 85 -537; Beri, 85 -515.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section
3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request we must identify the "governmental
body" with which you were associated while working with PennDot. Then, we
must review the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term
of "representation ". In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously
ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
Mr. George L. Kanis
April 18, 1986
Page 3
have been associated during his tenure of public office or employment extends
to those entities where he had influence, responsibility, supervision, or
control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been exercised within District 10 -0,
hereinafter the District. Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have
been "associated" upon the termination of your employment would be the
District. Therefore, within the first year after you would leave PennDot,
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict your "representation"
of persons or new employers vis -a -vis the District.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the District. Likewise, there is no
general limitation on the type of employment in which you may engage following
your departure from PennDot. We do note, however, that the conflicts of
interest law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term of
a person's public employment, he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector, officials or
employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that
may be obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction, the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, 1 obbyi ng, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the District, including, but not
limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts with the District);
Mr. George L. Kanis
April 18, 1986
Page 4
2. Attempts to influence the District;
3. Participating in any matters before the District over which you had
supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while employed by PennDot;
4. Lobbying, that i s representing the interests of any person or
employer before the. District in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the District, constitutes an attempt to influence your former governmental
body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year after you
leave PennDot, you should not engage in the type of activity outlined above.
The Commission, however, has stated that the inclusion of your name as an
employee or consultant on a "pricing proposal," even if submitted to or
reviewed by the District, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
District so long as you are not identified as the preparer. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the District.
Once again, however, your activity in this respect should not be revealed to
the District. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from maki ng general informational inquiries of the District to
secure information which is available to the general public. See Cutt,
79 -023. This, of course, must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence these entities or to otherwise make known to the District your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
The Commission has also concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Additionally we note that Section 403(b) of the State Ethics Act would
prohibit any public employee or public official from accepting a position of
employment if said position has been offered based upon the understanding that
the official conduct of the employee or official , while worki ng for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S. §403(b).
Conclusion: As a Highway Designer II, you are to be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination of your service with
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the
Mr. George L. Kanis
April 18, 1986
Page 5
Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the requirements of the
Ethics Act as outlined above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the
one year representation restriction is District 10 -0.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as outlined
above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also requi res you to file a
Statement of Fi nanci al Interests for the year fol1owi ng your termi nation of
service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Si n
John J ontino
Gene .1 Counsel