HomeMy WebLinkAbout86-525 MitchellMr. Joseph A. Mitchell
66 Indiana Street
Homer City, PA 15748
Dear Mr. Mitchell:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
March 11, 1986
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
86 -525
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), Civil Engineer IV, Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation
This responds to your letter of February 24, 1986, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Facts: You advised that you are currently employed by the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation as a structual engineer in District 10 -0. You
serve in that capacity as a Civil Engineer IV and are currently considering
retiring from Commonwealth service. In your capacity you serve as an
assistant to the district construction engineer and are involved in the
planning and coordination of the work in the district regarding various
construction projects. We have reviewed your joh specification #1114 and your
joh description which we have incorporated herein hy reference. Generally,
these documents provide that an employee in this class suprvises all
engineering activities associated with the location, design, or construction
of complex civil engineering projects such as roads, bridges, buildings,
transportation planning or traffic control of highways or performs work of
equivalent scope and difficulty in a staff or consultative capacity;
or plans, organizes, and directs the review of construction and maintenance
methods utilized hy transportation district and county maintenance personnel.
In an engineering district, such an employee would function as a section head
Mr. Joseph A. Mitchell
March 11, 1986
Page 2
or assistant construction engineer. Assignments are received with little or
no technical instruct ions and employees proceed with independence i n working
out the details and organization necessary to complete projects. Work
requires the independent selection of courses of action and the resolution of
problems within the framework of broad engineering and administrative
guidelines. Supervision i s normally exercised over engineers, technicians, or
inspectors. Work is reviewed by an administrative or technical supervisor for
overall effectiveness and satisfactory completion of assigned projects.
You have indicated that you plan to continue your engineering career
after retirement by either entering into a partnership or corporation which
will engage in the design of small roadway and bridge projects. The source of
the projects, which would be attained through the bidding procedure, would be
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, municipalities as well as the private
sector. You may, in the alternative, accept employment with a private
consulting engineering firm engaged in the above described activities in the
capacity of roadway and bridge design construction inspection. You have
requested the advice of the State Ethics Commission as to any prohibition that
may be imposed by virtue of the State Ethics Act.
Discussion: At the outset, it must be noted that the Ethics Commission may
only address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The
Commission may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or
obligations that may be imposed by other provisions of law such as the State
Adverse Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
As a Civil Engineer IV for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
hereinafter Pennflot, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of
this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is based
upon your job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that you have the power to take or recommend official action
of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement,
planning, inspecting or other activities where the economic impact is greater
than de minimus on the interests of another person. See Kotalik, 84 -007;
Montgomery, 84 -004; Leone, 86 -523.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section
3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Mr. Joseph A. Mitchell
March 11, 1986
Page 3
Initially, to answer your request we must identify the "governmental
body" with which you were associated while working with PennDot. Then, we
must review the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term
of "representation ". In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously
ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or employment extends
to those entities where he had influence, responsibility, supervision, or
control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been Di strict 10 -0, hereinafter the
District. Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been "associated"
upon the termination of your employment would be the District. Therefore,
within the first year after you would leave PennDot, Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act would apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the District.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the District. Likewise, there is no
general limitation on the type of employment in which you may engage,
following your departure from PennDot. We do note, however, that the
conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and
violations of the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that
during the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently with
the public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that individual
should not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or
benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association with his
former public employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
i ncludi ng but not limited to the fol1owi ng activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
Mr. Joseph A. Mitchell
March 11, 1986
Page 4
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the District), including, but not
limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts with the District;
2. Attempts to influence the District;
3. Participating in any matters before the District over which you had
supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while employed by PennDot;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the District in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission, has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the District, constitutes an attempt to influence your former governmental
body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year after you
leave PennDot, you should not engage in the type of activity outlined above.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
District so long as you are not identified as the preparer. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the District.
Once again, however, your activity in this respect should not be revealed to
the District. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the District to
secure information which is available to the general public. See Cutt,
79 -023. This, of course, must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence these entities or to otherwise make known to the District your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
Conclusion: As a Civil Engineer IV, you are to be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination of your service with
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the requirements of the
Ethics Act as outlined above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the
one year representation restriction is District 10 -0.
Mr. Joseph A. Mitchell
March 11, 1986
Page 5
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as outlined
above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also requires you to file a
Statement of Financial Interests for the year following your termination of
service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
JJC /sfd
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Since
J. Co o
Gener / ounsel