HomeMy WebLinkAbout17-564 Hafner-SabatinaSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
3019 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1 -8010- 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
September 15, 2017
To the Requester:
C.J. Hafner, II
Chief Counsel
Democrat Legal Staff
Senate of Pennsylvania
Dear Mr. Hafner:
17 -564
This responds to your letter dated August 9, 2017, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
7=.S. § 1101 et sew , would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon a Pennsylvania
State Senator, w€io in his private capacity as an attorney has a law firm that he operates
as a sole practitioner, with regard to becoming associated with a law firm owned by his
father, where the Philadelphia Parking Authority is a client of his father's law firm.
Facts: You have been authorized by Pennsylvania State Senator John Sabatina
enator Sabatina ") to request an advisory from the Commission on his behalf. You
have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
Senator Sabatina has been a Member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly
since 2006. In a private capacity, Senator Sabatina is an attorney licensed to practice
law in Pennsylvania. Senator Sabatina has a law firm that he operates as a sole
practitioner.
Senator Sabatina has an opportunity to become associated with a law firm the
Law Firm ") owned by his father. The Philadelphia Parking Authority is one of the
Firm's clients. Four entities, including the Law Firm, represent the Philadelphia Parking
Authority in matters related to the collection of fines from tickets issued for red light
violations recorded by red light cameras. The Law Firm was awarded a contract to
represent the Philadelphia Parking Authority as to such matters through a public bidding
process.
You state that if Senator Sabatina would become associated with the Law Firm,
he would not handle any legal matters for the Philadelphia Parking Authority in order to
avoid even an appearance of impropriety. Senator Sabatina's compensation from the
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 0 Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us a e -mail: ethicsPstate.pa.us
Hafner, 17 -564
September 15, 2017
Page 2
Law Firm would not be paid from any fees earned by the Law Firm from the
Philadelphia Parking Authority.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would
impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon Senator Sabatina with regard to his
proposed association or activities with the Law Firm.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
e Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 110700), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disc osed all of the material facts.
In his capacity as a Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Senator Sabatina
is a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act,
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employyee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self- employed individual, holding company,
Hafner, 17 -564
ep et tuber 15, 2017
Page 3
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial interest in a legal
entity engaged in business for profit which comprises more
than 5% of the equity of the business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in indebtedness.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a
public official/public employee is prohibited from using the authority of public
officelemployment or confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/public employee himself, any
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(b), (c),
provide in part that no person shall offer or give to a public official/public employee
anything of monetary value and no public official/public employee shall solicit or accept
anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official action,
or Judgment of the public official/public employee would be influenced thereby.
Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will
be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Having set forth the above general principles, you are advised as follows.
Senator Sabatina's father is a member of his "immediate family" as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act. The Law Firm is a business with which Senator Sabatina's
father is associated in his capacity as the owner.
Section 1103(a ) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes
restrictions upon pubic officials and public employees. Section 1103(x) imposes
restrictions upon Senator Sabatina in his capacity as a public official, rather than upon
him in his private capacity as an attorney. Therefore, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
would not prohibit Senator Sabatina, in his private capacity as an attorney, from
entering into the proposed association with the Law Firm. The Law Firm would be a
business with which Senator Sabatina is associated —as the Ethics Act defines that
term —to the extent that he would be a director, officer, owner, employee, or holder of a
financial interest in the Law Firm under the proposed association with the Law Firm.
In his public capacity as a Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Senator
Sabatina could have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
matters that would financially impact him or a business with which he or a member of
his immediate family is associated, such as the Law Firm. However, to the extent the
activities of a state legislator relate to "legislative actions" (introducing, considering,
debating, voting, enacting, adopting, or approving legislation), they are constitutionally
controlled and are exempt from the purview of the Ethics Act and the Commission. See,
Mann, Opinion 07 -005; Confidential Opinion, 05 -002; Corrigan, Opinion 87 -001. Aster
other actions, Senator Sabatina would not transgress Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
unless: (1) he would be consciously aware of a private pecuniary benefit for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
Hafner, 17 -564
September 15, 2017
Page 4
immediate family is associated; and (2) his actions) (use of authority of office or
confidential information received by being in his pub is office) would constitute one or
more s ecific steps to attain that benefit. See. Kistler v. State Ethics Commission, 610
Pa. 516, 528, 22 A.3d 223, 231 (2011).
Finally, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act. The applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: 1) Pennsylvania State
Senator John Sabatina ( "Senator Sabatina" has been a Member of the Pennsylvania
General Assembly since 2006; (2) in a pri% a capacity, Senator Sabatina is an attorney
licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania; (3) Senator Sabatina has a law firm that he
operates as a sole practitioner; (4) Senator Sabatina has an opportunity to become
associated with a law firm ( "the Law Firm ") owned b his father; (5) the Philadelphia
Parking Authority is one of the Law Firm's clients. (6) four entities, including the Law
Firm, represent the Philadelphia Parkin Authority in matters related to the collection of
fines from tickets issued for red light violations recorded by red light cameras; (7) the
Law Firm was awarded a contract to represent the Philadelphia Parking Authority as to
such matters through a public bidding process; 8) if Senator Sabatina would become
associated with the Law Firm, he would not handle any legal matters for the
Philadelphia Parking Authority in order to avoid even an appearance of impropriety; and
(9) Senator Sabatina's compensation from the Law Firm would not be paid from any
fees earned by the Law Firm from the Philadelphia Parking Authority, you are advised
as follows.
As a Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Senator Sabatina is a public
official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics
Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Senator Sabatina's father is a member of his
"immediate family" as that term is defined in the Ethics Act. The Law Firm is a business
with which Senator Sabatina's father is associated in his capacity as the owner.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes
restrictions upon public officials and public employees. Section 1103(a) imposes
restrictions upon Senator Sabatina in his capacity as a public official, rather than upon
him in his private capacity as an attorney. Therefore, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
would not prohibit Senator Sabatina, in his private capacity as an attorney, from
entering into the proposed association with the Law Firm. The Law Firm would be a
business with which Senator Sabatina is associated —as the Ethics Act defines that
term —to the extent that he would be a director, officer, owner, employee, or holder of a
financial interest in the Law Firm under the proposed association with the Law Firm.
In his public capacity as a Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Senator
Sabatina could have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
matters that would financially impact him or a business with which he or a member of
his immediate family is associated, such as the Law Firm. However, to the extent the
activities of a state legislator relate to "legislative actions" (introducing, considering,
debating, voting, enacting, adopting, or approving legislation), they are constitutionally
controlled and are exempt from the purview of the Ethics Act and the Commission. As
for other actions, Senator Sabatina would not transgress Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act unless: (1) he would be consciously aware of a private pecuniary benefit for himself,
a member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated; and (2) his actions) (use of authority of office or
confidential information received by being in his pub is office) would constitute one or
more specific steps to attain that benefit.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Hafner, 17 -564
September 15, 2017
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must
received at the Commission within thirty (3) days of the
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 73.2(h). The app
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806).
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Uv ( e
r i
PZin. Hittie
Chief Counsel
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