HomeMy WebLinkAbout17-549 StedmanSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
PO. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 733 -1610
1-800-932-0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 2, 2017
To the Requester:
Mr. Brett W. Stedman, Esquire
Ekker, Kuster, McCall & Epstein, LLP
Dear Mr. Stedman:
This responds
you requested an
( "Commission ").
17 -549
to your letters dated May 19, 2017, and June 7, 2017, by which
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
P57-§. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon a city
commissioner with regard to voting to rezone a property for the purposes of future
commercial development, where the property is owned by the father -in -law of the
daughter of the city commissioner.
Facts: You have been authorized by Rita Ferringer ( "Ms. Ferringer ") to request
an advisory from the Commission on her behalf. You have submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
Ms. Ferringer is a Commissioner for the City of Hermitage ( "City "), located in
Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The City Board of Commissioners ( "Board of
Commissioners ") consists of five Members.
Ms. Ferringer has a daughter who is married. The father -in -law of Ms.
Ferringer's daughter owns a property located in the City. The father -in -law of Ms.
Ferringer's daughter has filed an application for the Board of Commissioners to rezone
his property for the purposes of future commercial development. The husband of Ms.
Ferringer's daughter - -Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law- -has been active in attempting to obtain
approval for the rezoning of his father's property. Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law attended a
meeting of the Board of Commissioners on May 18, 2017, at which he stated that he
was representing his father with regard to the request to rezone his father's property.
During the May 18, 2017, meeting, a City Commissioner questioned whether Ms.
Ferringer should be involved in voting on an issue in which Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law is
representing his father's interests.
Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law does not have an ownership interest in the aforesaid
property at this time, but he may eventually obtain some interest in the property. Ms.
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 0 Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us 0 e -mall ethicsCa?state.pa.us
Stedman, 17 -549
August 2, 2017
Page 2
Ferringer's daughter does not have an economic interest in the aforesaid property at
this time, but she may obtain a marital interest in the property in the future.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you pose the following questions:
(1) Whether the Ethics Act or any other law would prohibit Ms. Ferringer from
votin g on the request to rezone the property owned by the father -in -law of
Ms. Ferringer's daughter; and
(2) Even if the Ethics Act would not prohibit Ms. Ferringer from voting on the
request to rezone the aforesaid property, whether Ms. Ferringer would still
be permitted to elect to recuse herself from the matter or otherwise
abstain from voting on the matter due to a perceived bias or familial
relationship to the applicant for rezoning of the property.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
ee Et5iics Act, 66 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa-C.S. §§ 1'107(10 ), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initiallyy noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Act, an opinionladvice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct. To
the extent that your inquiry relates to conduct that has already occurred, such past
conduct may not be addressed in the context of an advisory opinion. However, to the
extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may and shall be addressed.
As a City Commissioner, Ms. Ferringer is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
0) Voting conflict.- -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
Stedman 17 -549
ugust 2, 2017
Page 3
pprovided herein. In the case of a three- member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflicf' or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public officiallpublic employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 11030? of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Having established the above general principles, you are advised as follows.
Stedman, 17 -549
August 2, 2017
Page 4
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" as set forth in Section 1102 of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Ms. Ferringer would have a conflict of interest in
matters before the Board of Commissioners that would financially impact her, a member
of her immediate family, or a business with which she or a member of her immediate
family is associated. Neither the father-in -law of Ms. Ferringer's daughter nor Ms.
Ferringer's son -in -law is a member of Ms. Ferringer's "immediate family" as that term is
defined by the Ethics Act. Cf., Pulice v. State Ethics Commission, 713 A.2d 161 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1998), allocatur denie , 557 Pa. 642, 732 A.2d 1211 998) (Holding that a
relative not encompassed y�e family relationships listed in the Ethics Act's definition
of the term "immediate family " ---in that case, a son -in -law —would not be considered a
member of immediate family).
Absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to
Ms. Ferringer, a member of her immediate family, or a business with which she or a
member of her immediate family is associated, Ms. Ferringer would not have a conflict
of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to voting as a City
Commissioner on the request to rezone the property owned by the father -in -law of Ms.
Ferringer's daughter.
You are further advised that this advisory is limited to addressing the restrictions
and requirements of Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act. The Commission
does not have the authority to address: (1) other sources of law that may apply to voting
conflicts; or (2) the propriety of proposes( conduct by Ms. Ferringer (such as recusing
herself from the matter or abstaining from voting) when she would not have a conflict of
interest with regard to voting on the request to rezone the property owned by the father -
in-law of her daughter.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct otther than tthe Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the City of Hermitage Home Rule Charter.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: (1 ) Rita Ferringer ( "Ms.
Ferringer" 'his a Commissioner for the City of Hermitage ( "City "), located in Mercer
County, Pennsylvania; (2) the City Board of Commissioners ( Board of Commissioners ")
consists of five Members; (3) Ms. Ferringer has a daughter who is married; 4 the
father -in -law of Ms. Ferringer's daughter owns a property located in the City; (5) the
father -in -law of Ms. Ferringer's daughter has filed an application for the Board of
Commissioners to rezone his property for the purposes of future commercial
development; (6) the husband of Ms. Ferringer's daughter - -Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law --
has been active in attempting to obtain approval for the rezoning of his father's property;
(7) Ms. Ferringer's son -in -law attended a meeting of the Board of Commissioners on
May 18, 2017, at which he stated that he was representing his father with regard to the
request to rezone his father's property; (8) during the May 18, 2017, meeting, a City
Commissioner questioned whether Ms. Ferringer should be involved in voting on an
issue in which Ms. Ferringer's son -in-law is representing his father's interests; (9) Ms.
Ferringer's son -in -law does not have an ownership interest in the aforesaid proppertyy at
this time, but he may eventually obtain some interest in the property; and (10) Ms.
Ferringer's daughter does not have an economic interest in the aforesaid property at
this time, but she may obtain a marital interest in the property in the future, you are
advised as follows.
As a City Commissioner, Ms. Ferringer is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict
of interest as set forth in Section 1102 of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to
Stedman, 17 -549
August 2, 2017
Page 5
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Ms. Ferringer would have a conflict of interest in
matters before the Board of Commissioners that would financially impact her, a member
of her immediate family, or a business with which she or a member of her immediate
family is associated. Neither the father -in -law of Ms. Ferringer's daughter nor Ms.
Ferringer's son -in -law is a member of Ms. Ferringer's "immediate family" as that term is
defined by the Ethics Act. Absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private
pecuniary benefit to Ms. Ferringer, a member of her immediate family, or a business
with which she or a member of her immediate family is associated, Ms. Ferringer would
not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(x) of the Ethics Act with regard to
voting as a City Commissioner on the request to rezone the property owned by the
father -in -law of Ms. Ferringer's daughter.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand deliverryy, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787 -0806. Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sinc ly,
F
obin M. it tie
Chief Counsel
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