HomeMy WebLinkAbout17-532 Wian3
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 -932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 15, 2017
To the Requester:
Mr. Cody Wian
Dear Mr. Wan:
17 -532
This responds to your letter dated March 27, 2017, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether Sections 1103(a ) and 1103(f) of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 1103(%fl would impose prohibitions or
restrictions upon an individual who would be hired as the director of technology for a
school district in matter(s) pertaining to contract(s) between the school district and a
technology company for the provision of information technology services, where the
individual would resign from his employment with, and divest himself of his financial
interest in, the technology company prior to becoming employed with the school district.
Facts: You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted
accts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
In a private capacity, you hold a fifty percent ownership interest in a technology
company named "Greybeard Technology, LLC" ( "the Company "). You are also the
Network Solutions Architect for the Company.
The Company currently has a contract with the Penns Valley Area School District
( "School District') to provide information technology monitoring and help desk support
for the School District. The current contract between the Company and the School
District expires effective June 30, 2017.
You state that the School District is considering em Toying you on a full -time
basis as the Director of Technology effective June 1, 2017. If you would be hired by the
School District, you plan to resign from your employment with the Company and divest
yourself of any financial interest in the Company effective May 31, 2017. You state that
the School District desires to continue its contractual relationship with the Company if
you would become employed with the School District.
As the Director of Technology for the School District, you would be working with
individuals who co -owned the Company with you or were your colleagues at the
Company, hereinafter collectively referred to as "your former Company co-
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: ww.ethics. state. pa. us • e -mail: ethicslg-state.pams
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TV al—y 15, 2017
Page 2
owners/colleagues." You state that although you would not technically be supervising
your former Company co- ownerslcolleagues, you would be reporting to the School
District Superintendent or the School District School Board with regard to the services
performed under a contract between the Company and the School District.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you pose the following questions:
(1) Whether, if you would be hired as the Director of Technology for the
School District, the School District would be precluded from continuing
and renewing its contractual relationship with the Company; and
(2) Whether you would be precluded from working with your former Company
co-owners/colleagues and reporting to the School District Superintendent
or the School District School Board with regard to the services performed
under a contract between the Company and the School District.
Discussion: Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pam 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts
that. the requester has subbmitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent
investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted.
It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant to
the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the
extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Preliminarily, it is noted that the submitted facts do not .include an official job
description for your proposed position as the Director of Technology for the School
District. This Advice assumes, without deciding, that if you would be hired as the
Director of Technology for the School District, you would in that capacity be a public
employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of 'interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employyee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
Wan, 17 -532
Way 15, 2017
Page 3
with which he. or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self- employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business wit h
business in which the
immediate family is a
has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
which he is associated." Any
person or a member of the person's
director, officer, owner, employee or
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received b holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. The use of
authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any use of authority of
office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a
particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to contracting, provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated' shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public . official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
The term "contract" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
Wian, 17 -532
lt ay 15, 2017
Page 4
§ 1102. Definitions
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official /public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which. he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also provides that the public officiallpublic employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
In considering your specific questions, your first question cannot be addressed in
this advisory because you have not established legal standing to request an advisory
opinion regarding the proposed conduct of the School District/School District School
Board. However, it is noted that Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act- -which applies to
restrict the conduct of "public officials" and "public employees " - -does not apply to restrict
the conduct of a political subdivision, such as a school district, or a governmental body,
such as a school board.
In response to your second question, you are advised as follows.
Upon being hired as the Director of Technology for the School District, you
generally would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
your capacity as a public employee in matters that would financially impact you, a
member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your
immediate family is associated.
The Company is currently a business with which you are associated in your
capacities as an owner and an employee. However, upon resigning from your
employment with the Company and divesting yourself of any financial interest in the
Company, the Company would noTonger be considered a business with which you are
associated.
You are advised that absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private
pecuniary benefit to you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which
you or a member of your immediate family is associated, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act would not prohibit you, as the Director of Technology for the School District, from
working with your former Company co- owners /colleagues and reporting to the School
District Superintendent or the School District School Board with regard to the services
performed under a contract between the Company and the School District.
Wian, 17 -532
Way 15, 2017
Page 5
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa-C.S.
§ 1103(f), must be observed when applicable. However, the restrictions and
requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would not be applicable to the current
contract between the Company and the School District because such contract was not
entered into at a time when you were serving as a School District employee. Cf., Cort,
Advice 16 -516. Additionally, Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would not be aplicabTe
to contract renewals or future contract(s) between the Company and the School District
that would be entered into at a time when the Company would not be considered a
business with which you are associated.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Public School Code.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) in a private capacity, you
o d a fiff y percent ownership interest in a technology company named `Greybeard
Technology, LLC" ( "the Company "); (2) you are also the Network Solutions Architect for
the Company; �3� the Compan currently has a contract with the Penns Valley Area
Schoo! District "chool District' to provide information technology monitoring and help
desk supp ort for the School Dis , ( ) �rict 4 the current contract between the Company and
the School District expires effective .tune 30, 2017; (5) the School District is considering
employing you on a full -time basis as the Director d Technology effective June 1, 2017;
(6) if you would be hired by the School District, you plan to resign from your
employment with the Company and divest yourself of any financial interest in the
Company effective May 31, 2017; (7) the School District desires to continue its
contractual relationship with the Company if you would become employed with the
School District; (8) as the Director of Technology for the School District, you would be
working with individuals who co -owned the Company with you or were your colleagues
at the Company, hereinafter collectively referred to as "your former Company co-
owners/colleagues"; and (9) although you would not technically be supervising your
former Company co- owners /colleagues, you would be reporting to the School District
Superintendent or the School District School Board with regard to the services
performed under a contract between the Company and the School District, you are
advised as follows.
This Advice assumes, without deciding, that if you would be hired as the Director
of Technology for the School District, you would in that capacity be a public employee
subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. § 110'1 et seg. Upon being hired as the Director of Technology for the School
District, you geeralT would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act in your capacity as a public employee in matters that would financially impact
you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of
your immediate family is associated.
The Company is currently a business with which you are associated in your
capacities as an owner and an employee. However, upon resigning from your
employment with the Company and divesting yourself of any financial interest in the
Company, the Company would no conger be considered a business with which you are
associated.
Absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to
you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of
your immediate family is associated, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not
prohibit you, as the Director of Technology for the School District, from working with
your former Company co-own erslcolleagues and reporting to the School District
Wian, 17 -532
NTay 15, 2017
Page 6
Superintendent or the School District School Board with regard to the services
performed under a contract between the Company and the School District.
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1103(f), must be observed when applicable. However, the restrictions and
requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would not be applicable to the current
contract between the Company and the School District because such contract was not
entered into at a time when you were sewing as a School District employee.
Additionally, Section 11.03(f) of the Ethics Act would not be applicable to contract
renewals or future contracts) between the Company and the School District that would
be entered into at a time when the Company would not be considered a business with
which you are associated.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any-other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully.all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be _a_c_t_uall
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
vice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § '3.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 -0806. Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
M N6E
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel