HomeMy WebLinkAbout85-607 RappMr. Stanley I. Rapp
P.O. Box 11972
Harrisburg, PA 17108
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
December 18, 1985
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
85 -607
RE: Former Puhlic Employee; Section 3(e), Pennsylvania State Senate
Dear Mr. Rapp:
This responds to your letter of November 14, 1985, in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents -any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the
Pennsylvania State Senate.
Facts: You requested the advice of the State Ethics Commission regarding the
permissahle scope of your activities within the purview of the State Ethics
Act as a former employee of the Pennsylvania State Senate. From 1981 to
November 30, 1984, you served as staff administrator for the Majority Caucus
of the Senate of Pennsylvania. You were appointed to this position by the
President Pro Tempore of the Senate. The position which you held is a
statutory position. 46 P.S. 542.102h. In this position, you were responsihle
for administering the fiscal and personnel matters of the Majority Caucus in
conjunction with the chief clerk. In addition to the above specified duties,
you have advised that you also served as an assistant to the President Pro
Tempore of the Senate in managing the institutional operation of the Senate.
In December of 1984, upon the retirement of the then President Pro
Tempore of the Senate, the new President Pro Tempore designated a new staff
administrator and you were re- assigned as an assistant to the President Pro
Tempore. In your new position, you were responsihle for the development and
implementation of an office automation and computer service project. You
reported directly to the President Pro Tempore and the staff administrator and
assisted in the development of an Automated Office System for the majority
members of the Senate of Pennsylvania. You indicate that you terminated your
employment with the Pennsylvania Senate on April 10, 1985. You now seek the
advice of the Commission as to any restrictions that may be placed upon your
private employment activities under the State Ethics Act.
Mr. Stanley I. Rapp
December 18, 1985
Page 2
Discussion: At the outset, it must he noted that the Ethics Commission may
only address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The
Commission may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or
obligations that may he imposed by other codes of conduct such as the State
Adverse Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
As a staff administrator for the members of the Majority Caucus of the
Pennsylvania State Senate and as an assistant to the President Pro Tempore of
the Senate, you are to be considered a "public employee" within the definition
of that teen as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. 5.402; 51 Pa. Code .51.1. This conclusion is hased upon
your functions, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate clearly
that you had the power to take or recommend official action of a
non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement, planning,
inspecting or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person. See Myers, 84 -609; Rouch, 85 -519.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you became a "former
public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request we must identify the "governmental
body" with which you were associated while working with the Senate. Then, we
must review the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and term
of "representation ". In this context, the Ethics Commission has previously
ruled that the "governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or employment extends
to those entities where he had influence, responsibility, supervision, or'
control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also Kury vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been different in your two positions.
When you served as staff administrator for the Majority Caucus of the Senate,
your responsibility, influence and control appears to have extended to the
entire Senate. Thus had you been serving in that position at this point in
1r. Stanley I. Rapp
December 18, 1q85
Page 3
time, the governmental body with which you had heen associated would
he considered the Majority Caucus, generally. However, it is approximately
one year since you served in that capacity and thus, this broad restriction
does not appear to be applicable at this time. In your final position with
the Senate you served as an assistant to the President Pro Tempore of the
Senate. Your duties in this respect were more restricted than your functions
and duties as the staff administrator for the Majority Caucus. Your
influence, authority and control in this position appears to have been
exercised only within the office of the President Pro Tempore. Thus, the
"governmental body" with which you have been "associated" upon the termination
of your employment would be the Office of the President Pro Tempore,
hereinafter the Office. Therefore, within the first year after you would
leave the State Senate, the Office, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply
and restrict your "representation" of persons or new employers vis-a-vis the
Office. See Rouch, 85 -519.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the Office. Likewise, there is no general
limitation on the type of employment in which you may engage, following your
departure from the Senate. We do note, however, that the conflicts of
interest law is primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term of
a person's public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector, officials or
employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that
may he obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person
including but not limited to the following activities:
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section '3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
Mr. Stanley I. Rapp
December 18, 1985
Page 4
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the Office), including, hut not
limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts with the Senate;
2. Attempts to influence the Office;
3. Participating in any matters before the Office over which you had
supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while employed by the
Senate;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the Office in relation to legislation, regulations, etc. See
Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission, has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal , document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the Office, constitutes an attempt to influence your former governmental body.
See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year after you leave the
Senate, you should not engage in the type of activity outlined above.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
Office so long as you are not identified as the preparer. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the Office. Once
again, however, your activity in this respect should not be revealed to the
Office. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the Office to
secure information which is available to the general public. See Cutt,
79 -023. This, of course, must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence these entities or to otherwise make known to the Office your
representation of, or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, 80 -056 and
[leaser, 81 -538.
Conclusion: As an assistant to the President Pro Tempore of the Pennsylvania
Senate, you were to be considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics
Act. Upon termination of your service with the Senate, you became a "former
public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the requirements of the
Ethics Act as outlined above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the
one year representation restriction is the Office of the President Pro
Tempore.
Mr. Stanley I. Rapp
December 1R, 1P85
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will he scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must he made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
JJC /rdp
Si ncerely,
ohn J.,Co'nti no
General' Counsel