HomeMy WebLinkAbout89-565 LoganDear Mr. Logan:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 22, 1989
Mr. William R. Logan 89 -565
Deputy Commissioner
Department of Education
333 Market Street
Harrisburg, PA 17126 -0333
Re: Former Public employee; Executive Level Employee; Section
3(g); Department of Education; Deputy Commissioner for Basic
Education.
This responds to your letter of July 20, 1989, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Law presents any restrictions
upon your employment following your termination of service with
the Pennsylvania Department of Education.
Facts: You retired as Deputy Commissioner for Basic Education in
the Department of Education on August 2, 1989. You had State
level management responsibilities for all aspects and areas of
education from K through 12 in the Commonwealth with duties
consisting of the development of educational policy, the
interpretation and application of laws and regulations, State and
Federal funding and program evaluation and monitoring. After
your retirement you plan to join the staff of the Pennsylvania
Association of Elementary and Secondary School Principals
(PAESSP) as the Assistant Executive Director. PAESSP, as an
association which represents public and private school
principals, has a close working relationship with the Department
of Education and has an interest in all agency policies,
practices, procedures, and programs which relate to the day -to-
day work of school principals. You conclude by requesting an
opinion as to the restrictions the Ethics Law would empose apon
your employment with PAESSP.
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 2
Discussion: As a Deputy Commission for Basic Education for the
Pennsylvania Department of Education, you are to be considered a
"public employee" within the definition of that term as set
forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law and the
Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code S1.1.
This conclusion is based upon the job description, which when
reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that the power
exists to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial
nature with respect to contracting, procurement, planning,
inspecting, administering or monitoring grants, leasing,
regulating, auditing or other activities where the economic
impact is greater than de minimus on the interests of another
person. In addition you as Deputy Commissioner for Basic
Education are also executive level employe as that term is
defined under the Pennsylvania Ethics Law.
Consequently, upon termination of employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Sections 3(g) and
(i) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g)
of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body. 65 P.S. 5402.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body
with which you were associated while working with the Department
of Education must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 3
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body. 65 P.S. §402
Thus, the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon the termination of employment would be the
Pennsylvania Department of Education. Therefore, within the
first year after termination of service with the Pennsylvania
Department of Education, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would
apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers
vis -a -vis the Pennsylvania Department of Education.
The Ethics Law does affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former public employer.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics Law
defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
65 P.S. S402.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 4
club or other organization or group of
persons. 65 P.S. 5402.
The Commission, in Popovicl}, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, (that is the Pennsylvania Department of Education),
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations in
general or as to contracts with the Pennsylvania Department of
Education;
2. Attempts to influence the Pennsylvania Department of
Education;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
or contain the name of the former public official /employee.
4. Participating in any matters before the Pennsylvania
Department of Education over which there was supervision, direct
involvement, or responsibility while employed by that
governmental body;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Pennsylvania Department of
Education in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Pennsylvania
Department of Education constitutes an attempt to influence the
former governmental body.. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of one's name as an employee or consultant on
a "pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Pennsylvania Department of Education, is not prohibited as
representation.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Pennsylvania Department of Education so long as
you are not identified as the preparer. You may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before the Pennsylvania
Department of Education. Once again, however, the activity in
this respect should not be revealed to the Pennsylvania
Department of Education. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law
would not prohibit or preclude the making of general
informational inquiries of the Pennsylvania Department of
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 5
Edcuation to secure information which is available to the
general public. This, of course, must not be done in an effort
to indirectly influence these entities or to otherwise make known
to the governmental body the representation of, or work for the
new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that the
administering of an existing contract as opposed to negotiating
or renegotiating a contract would not be prohibited by the
Ethics Law.
In addition, as noted above, you are an executive level
state employe as that term is defined under the Ethics Law.
Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities
(i) No former executive -level State
employee may for a period of two years from
the time that he terminates his State
employment be employed by receive
compensation from, assist or act in a
representative capacity for a business or
corporation that he actively participates in
recruiting to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania or that he actively participated
in inducing to open a new plant, facility or
branch in the Commonwealth or that he
actively participated in inducing to expand
an existent plant or facility within the
Commonwealth, provided that the above
prohibition shall be invoked only when the
recruitment or inducement is accomplished by
a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation
recruited or induced to expand.
In your capacity as an executive -level state employee, you
are subject to the restrictions of Section 3(i) quoted above.
Section 3(i) sets forth a specific prohibition that a former
executive level state employee for a period of two years after
termination of state employment may not be employed by, receive
compensation from or act in a representative capacity for a
business or corporation that the former executive level state
employee participated in recruiting to initiate or expand
operations in the Commonwealth. It should be further noted that
the above restriction is limited to the situation where the
recruitment is accomplished by a grant or loan for money or
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 6
promise of a grant or loan for money from the Commonwealth to the
business or corporation recruited or induced to initiate or
expand operations. The intendment of the above provision of the
Ethics Law is to prohibit an executive level state employee from
trading upon his ability to influence the disposition of public
funds to private businesses or corporations by securing future
employment from entities receiving such funds. Thus, if you were
engaged in activities as outlined above, you would be subject to
the two year employment restriction of Section 3(i) of the Ethics
Law.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value or no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Deputy Commissioner for Education, you are to
be considered a "public employe" as defined in the Ethics Law.
Upon termination of service with Department of Education, you
would become a "former public employe" subject to the
restrictions imposed by Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. As such,
you conduct should conform to the requirements of the Ethics Law
as outlined above. The propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Mr. William R. Logan
Page 7
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
VJD /emg
Sincerely,
Vincent 1fi. Dopko,
Chief Counsel