HomeMy WebLinkAbout89-555 RogersSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 15, 1989
Carl R. Rogers 89 -555
Borough Manager
Municipal Building
Seventh and Sarah Streets
Stroudsburg, PA 18360
Re: Conflict of Interest, Public Official, Borough
Councilmember, Employee of Contractor, Voting to Reimburse
Property Owners for Work Done by Contractor
Dear Mr. Rogers:
This responds to you letter of May 26, 1989, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the State Ethics Act presents any
restrictions or prohibition upon a borough councilmember from
voting to approve payments to a contractor, by whom he is
employed, regarding the reimbursement to home owners for costs
relative to reconnecting sewer laterals.
Facts: As borough manager for the Borough of Stroudsburg, you
request an advisory opinion as to a member of council who is in
the employ of a contractor who performs reconnection work to
sewer laterals of property owners who then apply to borough
council for reimbursement of their costs. You note that the
borough was undertaking a sewer separation project whereby storm
water will be completely separate from sanitary water. Because
of the foregoing, you indicate that all buildings in the combined
sewer area must connect their sewer laterals to the recently
constructed sanitary sewer line. After noting that a past action
of borough council has determined that property owners should not
have to bear the cost of reconnecting their buildings, you
indicate that council determined that each property owner would
be responsible for hiring and overseeing a contractor to perform
the work; the property owner would then submit an invoice for
reimbursement by the borough. As a consequence, you advise that
the current council must administer a program of reimbursing the
property owners for their cost of reconnecting to the sewer
laterals. You state that the current council is presently
Carl R. Rogers
June 15, 1989
Page 2
finalizing guidelines for the program which will include the
approval of a maximum cost per work item. You note that a
current member of borough council is employed by a plumbing
contractor who is interested in performing work for the affected
property owners. After advising that this member of council was
not on the board when it decided to reimburse the property
owners, you note that the council member will have access to and
participate in the decision to establish maximum cost as well as
to vote on the approval of bills for payment which could include
reimbursement to home owners for whom his employer worked. You
conclude by requesting advise as to whether a conflict would
exist for this council member's employer to bid upon and receive
sewer lateral work.
Discussion: As a council member for Borough of Stroudsburg, the
individual is a "public official" within the definition of that
term as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code 51.1. As such, his
conduct is subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law
for himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he is
associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Section 3(a) basically provides that a public official or
employee may not use his public office or confidential
information to obtain a financial gain other than compensation
as provided for by law for himself or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is associated. Under this
provision, the Ethics Commission has determined that the use of
office by a public official to obtain a gain or benefit for
himself or a member of his immediate family which is not provided
for in law constitutes a "financial gain other than compensation
provided for by law." These determinations have been appealed to
the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania which has affirmed the
Orders of the Commission. See McCutcheon v. State Ethics
Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. 529 (1983). See also Yocabet v. State
Ethics Commission, Pa. Commw. , 531 A.2d 536 (1987).
Thus, under this provision, a public official may not use his
public position to secure benefits for himself or a member of his
immediate family which are not provided for by law. Domalakes,
Carl R. Rogers
June 15, 1989
Page 3
Opinion 85 -010; likewise, the receipt of private financial gain
or benefit through use of office is not permitted under this
section, Huff, Opinion 84 -015.
The term business with which he is associated is defined
under the Ethics Act as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of
the person's immediate family is a director,
officer, owner, employee or holder of stock.
65 P.S. 5402.
Since the councilmember is in the employe of the contractor,
it is clear that the contractor's business is a business with
which the councilmember is associated as that term is defined
under the Ethics Act.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Under Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which a
public official or employee must observe, a public official or
employee must neither offer nor accept anything of value on the
understanding or with the intention that his judgment would be
influenced thereby. It is assumed such a situation does not
exist here. This Section is referenced not to indicate that any
such activity has been or will be undertaken but in an effort to
provide a complete response to your inquiry.
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(d) Other areas of possible conflict shall be
addressed by the commission pursuant to paragraph (9)
Carl R. Rogers
June 15, 1989
Page 4
of Section 7. 65 P.S. 403(d).
Under the above provision of law, the Ethics Commission,
however, is also empowered to address other areas of possible
conflict pursuant to Section 3(d). 65 P.S. 5403(d). Fritzincrer,
Opinion 80 -008; DeBenedictis, Opinion 86 -002. The parameters of
the type of activity encompassed by this provision are generally
reviewed in light of the preamble to the Ethics Act which
enunciates the legislative intent of the Act. The intent and
purpose of the Act is to strengthen the faith and confidence of
the people in their government by assuring the public that the
financial interests of the holders of public office present
neither a conflict nor the appearance or a conflict with the
public trust. A public official or employee, pursuant to this
provision, is to ensure that their personal financial interests
present neither a conflict nor the appearance of a conflict with
the public trust. 65 P.S. §401. Such a conflict may exist
where an individual represents one or more adverse interests.
Alfano, Opinion 80 -007; where an individual serves in positions
that are incompatible or conflicting; Nelson, Opinion 85 -009, or
where such an official or employee accepts compensation to which
he is not entitled. Domalakes, Opinion supra.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the
instant matter, the general rule is that a public
official /employee is not precluded per se from outside business
interests. Goodman, Opinion 88 -001. However, the public
official /employee may not use public office or confidential
information as a means in whole or part to advance his private
business interests, either directly or even indirectly. Welz,
Opinion 86 -001. Therefore, although the Ethics Act will not
preclude the councilmember from working in the employ of the
contractor who would be doing some of the reconstruction work as
to the sewer laterals, that councilmember could not use public
office or confidential information in an attempt to have the
property owners enter into contracts with the contractor for
whom he is working. It would not appear that the councilmember
would be precluded in participation in the establishment of
maximum cost since at that point in time, and it is expressly
assumed, there would be no identifiable contracts between his
employer- contractor and given property owners who would be
reconnecting their sewer laterals. Amato, Opinion 89 -002.
Turning to the matter of the actual voting to approve the
payment of bills, the councilmember would not be precluded from
voting provided these were routine, non - contested items. See
Krusinski, Order 168. Similarly, the councilmember would not be
precluded from voting to approve payment of bills to contractors
other than the contractor for whom he works. However, as to
those cases involving the approval of payment of bills for work
Carl R. Rogers
June 15, 1989
Page 5
done by his contractor which are not routine and are contested in
some fashion, he may not vote, must note his abstention of public
record together with the reason for his abstention.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act. The applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a councilmember, the individual is a public
official subject to the provisions of the State Ethics Act. The
Ethics Act would prohibit the councilmember for using public
office or confidential information as a means of obtaining
contracts for his employer- contractor with property owners who
would be required to reconnect their sewer laterals and submit
invoices to the borough for reimbursement. The Ethics Act would
not restrict the councilmember from voting to approve payment of
bills from contractors other than the contractor for whom he
worked. Additionally, the councilmember could approve routine
non - contested payment of bills from his contractor - employer as to
reconnecting sewer laterals.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent JV Dopko,
General Counsel