HomeMy WebLinkAbout89-527 StallsmithMr. John R. Stallsmith
5219 Woodlawn Drive
Harrisburg, PA 17109
Dear Mr. Stallsmith:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 14, 1989
89 -527
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), DER, Civil Engineer IV
This responds to your letter of March 8, 1989, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Department of Environmental Resources.
Facts: After advising that you are currently investigating
alternative positions of employment outside of the Commonwealth,
you state that you are employed by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, hereinafter DER, in the Bureau of
Abandoned Mine Reclamation, hereinafter Bureau, as a Civil
Engineer primarily designing mine reclamation projects.
As a registered engineer you state that you would be
investigating positions in private industry or engineering
consulting firms or other governmental bodies. However, in order
to comply with the Ethics Act and in particular the provision
which restricts former public employees from representation
before their governmental body for a period of one year after
they leave service, you state that you would like to be informed
as to which firms or agencies within or without the Commonwealth
you may be employed. In addition you would like a description of
employment that can be accepted within the above restricted
provision of the Ethics Act. Finally, you note that as a
registered engineer you may be required to submit permits or
proposals to DER or other Pennsylvania agencies and you would
like to know if there would be a conflict in such submissions or
in negotiating permits or proposals. You conclude by stating you
are discussing employment with an engineering consulting firm in
Baltimore, Maryland which has a regional office in Pennsylvania
and inquiry as to whether the Ethics Act would restrict your
Mr. John R. Stallsmith
April 14, 1989
Page 2
duties or actions if you became employed by that firm. From your
job description, which is incorporated herein by reference, it
appears that your duties and responsibilities as a supervisor in
the field of civil engineering relative to the coordination and
design of mine reclamation projects and other associated
facilities: planning and supervision of professional and
technical staff relative to mine drainage pollution abatement
projects; reviewing pertinent project data to establish project
objectives, cost and special requirements; keeping current as to
project development and factors affecting design; insuring that
all necessary lands and easements have been obtained together
with arrangements for any necessary road and utility relocations
or adjustments; establishing and maintaining contact with
federal, state and local agencies as to the accomplishment of
certain projects; participating in job conferences and
inspections during the construction phase of projects; providing
guidance and maintaining coordination for effective individual
and group performance; utilization of management and Department
procedures and performing such other duties and responsibilities
as are required.
Discussion: As a Civil Engineer IV for DER, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working DER must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In
Mr. John R. Stallsmith
April 14, 1989
Page 3
this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the
"governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated' during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewinq, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the Bureau. Thus, the "governmental body" with which
you have been "associated" upon the termination of your
employment would be the Bureau. Therefore, within the first year
after you would leave DER, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the Bureau.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
Bureau. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from
DER. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is
primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during
the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently
with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
that individual should not be allowed to utilize his association
with the public sector, officials or employees to secure for
himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code S1.1.
Mr. John R. Stallsmith
April 14, 1989
Page 4
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances
bodies with which you have been
including, but not limited to,
contracts with the Bureau;
2. Attempts to influence the Bureau;
3. Participating in any matters before the Bureau over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed by DER;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Bureau in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer,
Opinion 80 -044.
before the governmental body or
associated, (that is the Bureau),
negotiations or renegotiations on
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Bureau, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave DER, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Bureau, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Bureau so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before the Bureau. Once again, however, your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Bureau.
Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the
Bureau to secure information which is available to the general
public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must not be
done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Bureau your representation of, or
work for your new employer.
Mr. John R. Stallsmith
April 14, 1989
Page 5
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 403(b) of the State
Ethics Act would prohibit any public employee or public official
from accepting a position of employment if said position has
been offered based upon the understanding that the official
conduct of the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
§403(b).
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Civil Engineer IV, you are to be considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination
of your service with DER, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should conform to the
requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above. Your
governmental body for the purpose of the one year representation
restriction is the Bureau.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Mr, John R. Stallsmith
April 14, 1989
Page 6
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
tl-t>4A-
Vincent JV Dopko,
General Counsel