HomeMy WebLinkAbout89-526 HughesEdward J. Hughes, Esquire
Suite 905
One Montgomery Plaza
Norristown, PA 19401
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 14, 1989
89 -526
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(e), DER, Environmental
Chemist I
Dear Mr. Hughes:
This responds to your letter of February 24, 1989, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions
upon your potential employment following your termination of
service with the Department of Environmental Resources.
Facts: You state that you represent Theodore O. Geary and the
Empire Sanitary Landfill, Inc., which holds Solid Waste Disposal
Permit No. 100933. You then advise that Mr. Geary is a Regional
Chemist employed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources, hereinafter DER, Bureau of Waste Management, who
worked initially out of the DER's Williamsport Office but
recently was assigned to the Wilkes -Barre Office. The Personnel
office of DER advised that the above transfer occurred on or
about April 27, 1983. After stating that Mr. Geary gave notice
to terminate his employment as of March 1, 1989, you state that
he will be employed by Empire as a Residual and Special Waste
Coordinator. You then advise that his duties with Empire, which
has a landfill located in Lackawanna County, will consist of
coordinating Empire's Residual and Special Handling Waste
Program which in turn would entail meeting with clients, taking
samples and preparing necessary paper work that would have to be
submitted to DER in order to ensure compliance with the
Pennsylvania Solid Waste Laws, including obtaining permit
amendments for residual waste generators. You state that Mr.
Geary when he was employed by DER did review certain Module 1
Permit Amendment Applications submitted by Empire on behalf of
waste generators. You conclude by requesting advice as to Mr.
Edward J. Hughes, Esquire
April 14, 1989
Page 2
Geary's duties under the Ethics Act concerning the restrictions
imposed upon him as to his employment with Empire following his
termination with DER.
From his job description which is incorporated herein by
reference, the following duties and responsibilities are set
forth:
"An employee in this class performs a variety of duties
in the Department of Environmental Resources involving
the regulation of industrial and municipal facilities
to ensure compliance with Federal and Commonwealth
rules and regulations governing the disposal, storage,
treatment, discharge, and transportation of hazardous
waste, industrial waste, and toxic material. Work
involves developing, amending, and interpreting rules,
regulations, policies, and procedures governing
hazardous wastes, industrial wastes, and toxic
materials. Work involves providing technical advice to
Departmental and industry officials involving
assessments of the potential risks of toxic, hazardous,
and industrial wastes. Work also involves evaluating
proposals for the disposal of industrial- residue and
hazardous wastes with respect to chemical implications,
evaluating the risk potential of particular wastes
b ased on chemical constituents and their acute and
chronic toxicities, bio- accumulation pot tial, and
toxic or hazardous impact on treatment sy tems. Work
includes training field personnel and county health
personnel on proper sampling techniques and testing
procedures, conducting inspections of high risk
treatment plants, water systems, and streams for
contamination; and developing sampling methods and
procedures for hazardous wastes monitoring systems.
Work also includes providing technical assistance to
the Bureau of Laboratories on the analysis of non -
routine organic substances and reviewing industry plans
for proposed hazardous, toxic, or industrial waste
storage, treatment, or disposal facilities for
compliance with Federal and Commonwealth regulations.
Work also includes providing information to facility
operators, municipal officials, and the public on
Departmental programs, functions, rules, regulations,
policies, and procedures; reviewing proposed
legislation for possible impact on the hazardous,
toxic, or industrial waste programs and recommending
whether management should support or oppose the
legislation; and serving as an expert witness for the
Department. Work is assigned in the form of goals,
Edward J. Hughes, Esquire
April 14, 1989
Page 3
objectives, and priorities, and the employee exercises
considerable freedom in planning, scheduling, and
completing assignments. Work is reviewed upon
completion by a professional supervisor through reports
and conferences for attainment of program goals and
objectives, completeness, and overall quality."
Discussion: As a Environmental Chemist for DER, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is
based upon your job description, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicates clearly that you have the power to
take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or
other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimus on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(e) of the
Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee
shall represent a person, with or without
compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that
body. 65 P.S. §403.
Initially, to answer your request the "governmental body"
with which you were associated while working DER must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed. In
this context, the Ethics Commission has previously ruled that the
"governmental body" with which an individual may be deemed to
have been associated during his tenure of public office or
employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, Opinion 79-
010. See also Kury v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics
Commission, 435 A.2d 940 (1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and
responsibilities and based upon the facts outlined above, your
jurisdiction, responsibility, influence and control appears to
have been the Wilkes -Barre Office of the Bureau of Waste
Management, hereinafter Bureau. Thus, the "governmental body"
with which you have been "associated" upon the termination of
Edward J. Hughes, Esquire
April 14, 1989
Page 4
your employment would be the Bureau. Therefore, within the first
year after you would leave DER, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
would apply and restrict your "representation" of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the Bureau.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the
Bureau. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of
employment in which you may engage, following your departure from
DER. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is
primarily concerned with financial conflicts and violations of
the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that during
the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently
with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
that individual should not be allowed to utilize his association
with the public sector, officials or employees to secure for
himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be
obtainable only because of his association with his former public
employer. See Anderson, Opinion 83 -014; Zwikl, Opinion 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation"
as follows:
Section 1.1 Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any
person including but not limited to the
following activities: personal appearances,
negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official or public employee.
51 Pa. Code 51.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the
term "representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act
to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances
bodies with which you have been
including, but not limited to,
contracts with the Bureau;
2. Attempts to influence the Bureau;
3. Participating in any matters before the Bureau over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility
while employed by DER;
before the governmental body or
associated, (that is the Bureau),
negotiations or renegotiations on
Edward J. Hughes, Esquire
April 14, 1989
Page 5
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the Bureau in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, Opinion 80 -048 and Seltzer,
Opinion 80 -044.
The Commission has also held that preparing and signing a
proposal, document or bid, or listing your name as the person who
will provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or
bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the Bureau, constitutes an
attempt to influence your former governmental body. See
Kilareski, Opinion 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave DER, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above. The Commission, however, has stated
that the inclusion of your name as an employee or consultant on a
"pricing proposal," even if submitted to or reviewed by the
Bureau, is not prohibited as "representation." See Kotalik,
Opinion 84 -007.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Bureau so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before the Bureau. Once again, however, your
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Bureau.
Of course, any ban under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or
preclude you from making general informational inquiries of the
Bureau to secure information which is available to the general
public. See Cutt, Opinion 79 -023. This, of course, must not be
done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the Bureau your representation of, or
work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are
administering an existing contract as opposed to negotiating or
renegotiating a contract, your activities would not be prohibited
by the Ethics Act. See Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 and Beaser, Advice
81 -538.
Additionally, it is noted that Section 403(b) of the State
Ethics Act would prohibit any public employee or public official
from accepting a position of employment if said position has
been offered based upon the understanding that the official
conduct of the employee or official, while working for his former
governmental body, was influenced by such offer. See 65 P.S.
§403(b).
Edward J. Hughes, Esquire
April 14, 1989
Page 6
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Environmental Chemist I, you are to be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Act.
Upon termination of your service with DER, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to the restrictions imposed by
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your conduct should
conform to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined above.
Your governmental body for the purpose of the one year
representation restriction is the Bureau.
Further, should you terminate your employment or service, as
outlined above, you are reminded that the Ethics Act also
requires you to file a Statement of Financial Interests for the
year following your termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code S2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko,
General Counsel