HomeMy WebLinkAbout89-509 SandsKenneth E. Sands, Jr., Esquire
528 Elm Street
Reading, PA 19601
Dear Mr. Sands:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108-1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 1, 1989
89 -509
Re: Simultaneous Service, Third Class City Treasurer and Auditor
General Employee
This responds to your letter of January 31, 1989, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act imposes any prohibition or
restriction upon a Third Class City Treasurer from also serving
or being employed in the Auditor General's Office.
Facts: In a telephonic communication you have advised that you
are specifically requesting an advisory opinion on behalf of a
public employee in the Pennsylvania Department of the Auditor
General as to whether that individual may hold the office of
treasurer for a third class city.
Discussion: As an employee for the Auditor General, the
individual is a "public employee" as that term is defined in the
Ethics Act. 65 P.S. 402; 51 Pa. Code 1.1. As such, the
individual's conduct is subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Act and the restrictions therein are applicable to the
individual.
Section 3(a) of the Ft- !_cs Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law
Kenneth B. Sands, Jr., Esquire
March 1, 1989
Page 2
for himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he is
associated. 65 P.S. §403(a).
Under Section 3(a) quoted above, the State Ethics Commission
has determined that use of office by a public official /employee
to obtain a financial gain for himself or a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he is associated which
is not provided for in law transgresses the above provision of
law. Thus, use of office by a public official /employee to obtain
a financial gain which is not authorized as part of his
compensation is prohibited by Section 3(a): Hoak /McCutcheon,
Orders No. 128, 129, affirmed McCutcheon v. State Ethics
Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. Ct. 529, 466 A.2d 283 (1983); Yacobet,
Order No. 412 -R, affirmed Yacobet v. State Ethics Commission, 109
Pa. Comm. Ct. 432, 531 A.2d 536 (1987). Similarly, Section 3(a)
of the Ethics Act would prohibit a public official /employee from
using public office to advance his own interests; Koslow, Order
458 -R, affirmed Koslow v. State Ethics Commission, Pa. Commw.
Ct. , 540 A.2d 1374 (1988). Likewise, a public
official employee may not use the status or position of public
office for his own personal advantage; Huff, Opinion 84 -015.
However, there does not appear to be a real possibility of
any financial gain or inherent conflict arising if the individual
were to serve both as a public employee and as third class city
treasurer. Basically, the Ethics Act does not state that it is
inherently incompatible for a public employee to serve or be
employed as a third class city treasurer. The main prohibition
under the Ethics Act and Opinions of the Ethics Commission is
that one may not serve the interests of two persons, groups, or
entities whose interests may be adverse. See Alfano Opinion, 80-
007. In the situation outlined above, the individual would not
be serving entities with interests which are adverse to each
other.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
Kenneth B. Sands, Jr., Esquire
March 1, 1989
Page 3
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Under Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which must
be observed, a public employee must neither offer nor accept
anything of value on the understanding or with the intention that
the public employee's judgment would be influenced thereby. It
is assumed such a situation does not exist here. Reference to
this Section is added not to indicate that any such activity has
been or will be undertaken but in an effort to provide a complete
response to your inquiry.
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(d) Other areas of possible conflict shall be
addressed by the commission pursuant to paragraph
(9) of Section 7. 65 P.S. 403(d).
However, under Section 3(d) of the State Ethics Act, the
State Ethics Commission may address other areas of possible
conflict of interest. 65 P.S. 403(d). The parameters of the
types of activities encompassed by this provision of law may
generally be determined by reviewing the purpose and intent of
the Ethics Act. The Ethics Act was promulgated in order to
ensure that the financial interests of public employee's do not
conflict with the public trust or create the appearance of a
conflict with the public trust.
Although the Ethics Act does not per se preclude this
individual from simultaneously serving as third class city
treasurer and employee in the Auditor General's Office, the
Ethics Act would restrict the individual in the event that he
would be called upon as an employee of the Auditor General to
perform audit functions of his office as third class city
treasurer. Although the foregoing scenario seems unlikely since
a third class city treasurer's office would probably not be
dealing with state funds which would be the basis for the Auditor
General's review, the individual could not participate and would
have to notify his superior in writing together with the reasons
for his recusal if such a situation would ever occur.
Lastly, it must be noted that the propriety of your proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act; the
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation
or other code of conduct has not been addressed in this advice.
Specifically not addressed in this advice is the applicability of
the Third Class City Code in that it does not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Kenneth B. Sands, Jr., Esquire
March 1, 1989
Page 4
Conclusion: As a employee for Auditor General, the
individual is a "public employee" subject to the provisions of
the State Ethics Act. As a public employee, the individual may,
consistent with Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act, simultaneously
serve in the positions of employee of the Auditor General and
third class city treasurer. However, under Section 3(d) of the
Ethics Act, the individual, as an employee of the Auditor General
could not participate in any audit function of the third class
city treasurer's office; in the unlikely event that such an audit
review would occur, he would have to notify his superior in
writing of his recusal together with his reasons for his non -
participation. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
General Counsel