HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-535 KowalskyDiscussion: If you
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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
March 24, 1988
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Mr. Ronald R. Kowalsky 88 -535
528 Sidney Street
SW. Greensburg, PA 15601
Re: Simultaneous Service, Borough Councilmember or Borough Mayor, Borough
Sanitation Department
Dear Mr. Kowalsky:
This responds to your letter which was received by the State Ethics
Commission on February 18, 1988 wherein you requested advice from the
Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act imposes any prohibitions or restrictions
upon a borough councilmember or Mayor from also being employed in the Borough
Sanitation Department.
Facts: You state that you are currently employed by the Southwest Greenburg
Borough in the Sanitation Department. After noting that you previously served
as an elected borough councilmember for 10 1/2 years, you ask if there is a
conflict under the Ethics Act if you were elected or appointed to either the
position of Borough Mayor or Borough Councilmember.
were elected as councilmember or Mayor in, Southwest
you would be a "public official" as that
the Ethics Act. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. As such,
be subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act and the
n would be applicable to you.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Ronald R. Kowalsky
March 24, 1988
Page 2
Section 3(a) basically provides that a public official may not use his
public office or confidential information to obtain a financial gain other
than compensation as provided for by law for himself or a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he is associated. Under this
provision, the Ethics Commission has determined that the use of office by a
public official to obtain a gain or benefit for himself or a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he is associated which is not
provided for in law constitutes a "financial gain other than compensation
provided for by law." These determinations have been appealed to the
Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania which has affirmed the Orders of the
Commission. See McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa: Commw. 529, 466
A.2d 283 (1983). See also Yocabet v. State Ethics Commission, Pa.
Commw.Ct. , 531 A.2d 536 (1987). Thus, under this provision, a public
official may not use his public position to secure any financial gain for
himself or a member of his immediate family or a business with which he is
associated unless it is provided for by law. Domalakes, Opinion 85 -010.
However, as outlined above, there does not appear to be a real
possibility of any financial gain or inherent conflict arising if you were to
serve both as a public official and as an employee in the Sanitation
Department. Basically, the Ethics Act does not state that it is inherently
incompatible for a public official to serve or be employed as an employee in
the Sanitation Department. The main prohibition under the Ethics Act and
Opinions of the Ethics Commission is that one may not serve the interests of
two persons, groups, or entities whose interests may be adverse. See Alfano,
Opinion 80 -007. In the situation outlined above, you would not be serving
entities with interests which are adverse to each other.
A subsidiary question must now be addressed as to whether a councilmember
or Mayor may receive compensation for serving as an employee of the Sanitation
Department.
As to whether the Ethics Act would restrict or prohibit a borough
councilmember or Mayor from receiving compensation while serving as an
employee of the Sanitation Department, it is noted that the State Ethics
Commission may only address questions regarding the duties and
responsibilities of public officials within the purview of the State Ethics
Act. The Commission does not specifically have the statutory jurisdiction to
interpret the provisions of the Borough Code. If, however, another provision
of law somehow impacts on the provisions of the State Ethics Act or the Ethics
Act accords jurisdiction in relation to other provisions of law, then this
Commission may be required to interpret such provisions of law. See
Bigler Opinion 85 -020.
Ronald R. Kowalsky
March 24, 1988
Page 3
Section 1104 of the Borough Code provides in part:
"Unless there is incompatibility in fact, any elective
or appointive officer of the borough shall be eligible to
serve on any board, commission, bureau or other agency
created by or for the borough, or any borough office
created or authorized by statute and may accept
appointments thereunder, but no mayor or councilman shall,
receive compensation therefor." 53 P.S. §46104.
Section 1104 of the Borough Code thus precludes a counci4member or Mayor
from receiving compensation for service on any board, commission, bureau or
agency created by the borough. Therefore, although the councilmember or Mayor
could serve as an employee of the Sanitation Department, he may not under
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act receive compensation for that position. See
Muolo, Advice 87 -657; Urick, Advice 88 -514.
Thus, the State Ethics Commission determined in Shugarts, Order 623,
that a borough councilmember violated Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act when he
performed snow plowing -services for the borough and received payment therein;
the Commission reached its decision by noting that there was no statutory
authorization in the Borough Code for a councilmember to receive payment for
such employment, apart from the salary that he was entitled to as a
councilmember.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public official or
public employee or candidate for public office or a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public employee or
candidate for public office shall solicit or accept,
anything of value, including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future employment
based on any understanding that the vote, official action,
or judgment of the public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be influenced thereby.
65 P.S. 403(b).
Under Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which must be observed,
one must neither offer nor accept anything of value on the understanding or
with the intention that his official judgment would be influenced thereby. It
Ronald R. Kowalsky
March 24, 1988
Page 4
is assumed such a situation does not exist here. Reference to this Section is
added not to indicate that any such activity has been or will be undertaken
but in an effort to provide a complete response to your inquiry.
Section 3(d) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(d) Other areas of possible conflict shall be addressed by
the commission pursuant to paragraph (9) of section 7.
65 P.S. 403(d).
Under Section 3(d) of the Ethics Act, the Commission has applied this
section, in part, by referencing the preamble of the Ethics Act, the purpose
of which is to strengthen the faith and confidence of people in their
government by assuring the public that the financial interests of the holders
of or candidates for public office present neither a conflict nor the
appearance of a conflict with the public trust. See Section 1 of the Ethics
Act, 65 P.S. 401. Under this provision, as well as Section 3(a), you as
borough councilmember cit. Mayor could not participate on any matter wherein he
would have a di rect or indi rect interest, such as the budgetfor the Sanitation
Department. We lz, Opinion 86 -001. However, in this case, it would seem that
if you choose to serve as an employee of the Sanitation Department in a
non - compensated position, you would not have any direct or indirect interest
in the budget and hence could participate in its preparation. Further, under
the above circumstances, it appears you would not be precluded from voting in
favor of its adoption, Krier, Opinion 84 -003.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As an elected councilmember or Mayor of Southwest Greenburg, you
would be a "public official" subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Although Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act presents no per se prohibition upon a
borough councilmember or Mayor simultaneously serving as an employee of the
Sanitation Department, the councilmember or Mayor may not receive compensation
for serving as an employee of the Sanitation Department. Under Sections 3(a)
and 3(d) of the Ethics Act, you as borough councilmember or Mayor could
participate in budget deliberations, provided you had no personal interest in
any budgetary items, and could vote to ratify or approve the budget.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Ronald R. Kowalsky
March 24, 1988
Page 5
VJD /nb
Pursuant to Section 7 (9) (i i ), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available, as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
erely,
Wit
Vincent J. Dopko
General Counsel