HomeMy WebLinkAbout85-597 StoneHarland S. Stone, Esquire
Stone, Specter & Stone
1705 Allegheny Building
Pittshurgh, PA 15219
Dear Mr. Stone:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
November 2.1, 1985
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
85 -597
Re: Simultaneous Service, Borough Councilmemher, President, Council on
Governments, Executive Director for Council on Government
This responds to your letter of October 10, 1985, wherein you requested
the Advice of the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the president of a council on governments may he appointed as
. the compensated executive director of that council when the individual is also
councilperson from a member borough.
Facts: You indicate that you serve as solicitor for the Quaker Valley Council
on Governments and its president. The Quaker Valley Council on Governments,
hereinafter COG, is a voluntary non - profit corporation composed of several
boroughs, townships and municipal authorities. The COG was formed pursuant to
the Intergovernmental Cooperation Law, See 53 P.S. .$481 et. seq. In
accordance with to this law, two or more municipalities in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania may jointly cooperate in the exercise or in the perfomance of
their respective govenmental functions, powers or responsibilities.
Generally, the purpose of a COG is to strengthen local government by hecoming
a useful tool for dealing with local problems particularly those prohlems
which are regional in nature. The types of functions performed hy a COG may
generally range from the joint purchase of supplies to the operation of joint
regional fire protection services or area -wide transit services. The COG's
are funded, in part, hy the muncipalities that are memhers as well as through
the receipt of financial assistance from other governmental organizations,
such as the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. Generally, the COG
is operated by representatives from each of the municipal organizations that
make up the COG. From those member representatives, the COG will generally
select a chairman or president and vice - chairman or vice - president. This is
the position that you have indicated is held by your client.
Harland S. Stone, Esquire
November 21, 1985
Page 2
The executive director of the COG has recently resigned. The board of
the COG has voted to have its president assume the duties of the executive
di rector on a temporary basis until a new executive di rector could be hi red.
The board has also voted to compensate the president for assuming the duties
of the executive director during this period. The salary to he received by
the president is the same salary which was received by the former director.
You also indicate that the COG president is a member of a borough council from
a borough that is a member of the COG. You indicate that at the time the
board took this action, the president disclosed her various positions to the
board and refrained from discussing the motion and abstained from the final
vote. The president has also agreed to perform the director's duties without
receiving any salary or other compensation pending the receipt of the advice
of the State Ethics Commission. Specifically, you ask whether the board may
vote to have its president assume the duties of the executive director without
running afoul of the State Ethics Act. In addition, you ask if this person
may receive compensation in this new position.
Discussion: To date, the State Ethics Commission has not ruled upon the issue
of whether a member of a council on governments is a public official within
the purview of the Ethics Act. There is no doubt, however, that as a borough
official, this person would be a public official within the meaning of the
State Ethics Act. See 65 P.S. $402; See Damian, 79 -057; Davis, 84 -012. Thus,
as a public official, this individual must conform to the requirements of the
State Ethics Act.
Generally, the State Ethics Act was promulgated in order to insure the
public that the financial interest and activities of their public officials
neither conflict nor appear to conflict with the public trust. 65 P.S. .5401.
In light of this, the Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
In order to determine whether a public official would be in violation of
this provision of the State Ethics Act, the Commission must determine if the
public official's activity results in the securing of a financial gain that is
not part of the compensation provided for by law. Generally, the compensation
provided by law for public official is set forth in the various statutory
enactments creating the public position.
Harland S. Stone, Esquire
November 21, 1985
Page 3
The compensation to be paid to a borough official is specifically set
forth in the Borough Code and provides as follows:
Councilmen may receive compensation to he fixed by
ordinance at any time and from time to time as follows:
in boroughs with a population of less than five thousand,
a maximum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1500) a year; in
boroughs with a population of five thousand or more but
less than ten thousand, a maximum of two thousand dollars
($2000) a year; in boroughs with a population of ten
thousand or more but less than fifteen thousand, a maximum
of twenty -six hundred dollars ($2600) a year; in boroughs
with a population of fifteen thousand or more but less
than twenty -five thousand, a maximum of thirty -three
hundred dollars ($3300) a year; in boroughs with a
population of twenty -five thousand or more but less than
thirty -five thousand, a maximum of thirty -five hundred
dollars ($3500) a year; and in boroughs with a population
of thirty -five thousand or more, a maximum of four
thousand dollars ($4000) a year. Such salaries shall be
payable monthly or quarterly for the duties imposed by the
provisions of this act. 53 P.S. .546001, as amended by Act
1985 -67, Oct. 31, 1985.
In addition to the foregoing, the Borough Code further provides that:
Unless there is incompatibility in fact, any elective
or appointive officer of the borough shall he eligible to
serve on any board, commission, bureau or other agency
created by or for the borough, or any borough office
created or authorized by statute and may accept
appointments thereunder, but no mayor or councilman shall
receive compensation therefor. (sic) Where there is no
incompatibility in fact, and subject to the foregoing
provisions as to compensation, appointees of council may
hold two or more appointive borough offices, but no mayor
or member of council may serve as borough manager or as
secretary or treasurer.
A review of the purpose behind the formulation of a COG as set forth
in the facts above, indicates clearly that the council is indeed a board that
is, in part, created by the borough and for the borough and that the position
of executive director of the COG is an appointed position created under the
COG. Thus, it appears as though, based upon the foregoing provision of law,
that a borough councilmemher would be prohibited from receiving any
compensation for service as the executive director of a COG. Thus, the
Harland S. Stone, Esquire
November 2.1, 1985
Page 4
payment of such a salary to a borough councilmember who serves as executive
director of a COG, would be financial gain other than the compensation that is
provided by law. In fact, such compensation would be expressly prohibited by
the Borough Code.
It should also he noted that while we are not addressing the issue of
whether these position would be incompatible under the Rorough Code, we do
note that by this councilperson serving in both a position on the hoard, i.e.
its president as well as the executive director of the COG, substantial
potential conflicts of interest may develop. The president of the COG is
responsible for the general policy operation of the COG and is a
representative of the member municipality. The executive director of the COG
is responsible for the day -to -day activity and implementation of that policy.
As president of the COG, this individual would he responsible for insuring
that the executive director performed in a manner that was competent and in
the best interests of the COG and the member municipalities. As such, this
member of the COG would be in a position of having to review on an almost
constant basis her own performance as executive director. In similar
situations, we have ruled that public officials in such a position should
abstain from reviewing or participating any action that involves matters that
have been handled, processed, or relates to themselves. Based upon the review
of the job description of the executive director, which you have provided for
review and which we hereby incorporate by reference, it appears as though the
president of the COG would have to abstain from virtually reviewing all COG
activity as it would constitute a review of her own work as executive
director. It is thus advised that the previously stated concerns regarding
participation in such matters should be implemented.
Additionally, we note that the members of the COG have the discretionary
power of appointing the executive director. Our review of general case
authority in Pennsylvania indicates that where public officials are vested
such discretionary powers, it is against public policy for such officials to
utilize such discretionary authority to appoint one of their own members to a
position under the authority of the public official. See Mixell v. Hillertown
Borough, 370 Pa. 420, 88 A.2d 594, (1952); Raynovich v. Romanus, 450 Pa. 391,
299 A.2d 301 (1973); Department of State v. Mount Joy Borough, 66 0 &C 251,
(1948);, McCreary v. Major, 343 Pa. 355 22 A.2d 686 (1941).
Finally, we must address the issue of whether abstention from action
regarding appointing and fixing compensation for herself as executive director
alleviates the concerns addressed in this advice. While we acknowledge that
this individual took no official action in her own behalf regarding this
matter, we have previously ruled that the Ethics Act would prevent a public
official from knowingly accepting in his or her public position and as part of
that position, compensation in excess of that provided for by law. See
flomalakes, 85 -010. We have determined that such a knowi ng acceptance of
Harland S. Stone, Esquire
November 21, 1985
Page 5
compensation to which one is not entitled would present a conflict between the
official 's personal interest and that of his puhlic position where he is to
serve the interest of the puhlic. Because it appears that the compensation
that this person would have received as executive director, is prohibited by
the Borough Code, we believed that acceptance of that compensation even though
the individual did not participate in the award of that compensation to
herself, would occasion a violation of the State Ethics Act.
Conclusion: A Borough Councilperson who is also the president or chairman of
the hoard of a council on governments may not receive compensation for duties
performed as executive di rector of that council . While we do not address the
issue of whether these positions are inherently incompatible, we do note that
if this person serves in the position of both COG president and executive
director, she should abstain from participation in any matter that relates to
or involves actions of the executive director.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
JJC /sfb
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
Si nc
ohn J. . ino
Gener. Counsel