HomeMy WebLinkAbout88-651 SwerdonMr. Paul Swerdon
316 Susquehanna Street
White Haven, PA 18661
Dear Mr. Swerdon:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 29, 1988
88 -651
Re: Conflict of Interest, Public Employee, Sanitary Engineer,
DER, Public Employee's Partner Applying for Permits from DER
This responds to your letter of October 3, 1988, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the State Ethics Act imposes any restrictions or
prohibition upon a Sanitary Engineer in the Department of
Environmental Resources regarding the submission of permits by
the employee's partner for approval to his governmental body.
Facts: You state that you are presently a Sanitary Engineer IV
in the Wilkes -Barre Regional Office, hereinafter Office, of the
Department of Environmental Resources, hereinafter DER in the
Borough of Water Quality Control Management, hereinafter Bureau.
You advise that your duties in part consist of supervising the
engineers who perform a part of the review process associated
with granting permits for sewage treatment plants. You note that
the major part of the review and all planning related issues are
reviewed by the Planning Section over which you have no
authority. In addition, you assert that neither you nor any of
the review engineers whom you supervise have any authority to
grant or deny permits other than to make recommendations to your
supervisor, the Regional Water Quality Manager. You then state
that since July, 1983, you have been involved in a partnership
with an individual relative to owning and operating a mobile home
park. After noting that you received approval for the
supplementary employment, you state that your partner is not a
Commonwealth employee or a member of your immediate family. You
then advise that your partner wishes to expand the mobile home
park. After noting that the sewage disposal at the park has
Mr. Paul Swerdon
November 29, 1988
Page 2
been by subsurface disposal methods with final approval having
been granted by the borough sewage enforcement officer, you state
that an expansion of the park would tax the current system in
that a sewage treatment plant would better serve the needs of the
park but such action would require two permits from the Bureau:
the first for the discharge of treated sewage and the second for
authorization to construct the sewage treatment plant. You
conclude by requesting advice as to whether it would be a
conflict under the Ethics Act for your partner to apply for these
permits as an individual who would become the permittee and agent
on all matters of sewage disposal. You state that you would not
be acting as agent for the mobile home park, that your name would
not appear on the applications and lastly that you would
disqualify yourself from any manner of review of these permit
applications.
Discussion: As a Sanitary Engineer IV in DER, you are a public
employee as that term is defined under the Ethics Act. 65 P.S.
§402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. As such, your conduct is subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act and the restrictions therein are
applicable to you.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law
for himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he is
associated. 65 P.S. §403(a).
Under Section 3(a) quoted above, the State Ethics Commission
has determined that use of office by a public official to obtain
a financial gain for himself or a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he is associated which is not provided
for in law transgresses the above provision of law. Thus, use of
office by a public official to obtain a financial gain which is
not authorized as part of his compensation is prohibited by
Section 3(a): Hoak /McCutcheon, Orders No. 128, 129, affirmed
McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. Ct. 529, 466
A.2d 283 (1983); Yacobet, Order No. 412 -R, affirmed Yacobet v.
State Ethics Commission, 109 Pa. Commw. Ct. 432, 531 A.2d 536
(1987). Similarly, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit
a public official /employee from using public office to advance
his own interests; Koslow, Order 458 -R, affirmed Koslow v. State
Mr. Paul Swerdon
November 29, 1988
Page 3
Ethics Commission, Pa. Commw. Ct. , 540 A.2d 1374 (1988).
Likewise, a public official /employee may not use the status or
position of public office for his own personal advantage; Huff,
Opinion 84 -015.
Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act provides:
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public
official or public employee or candidate for
public office or a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept, anything of value,
including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future
employment based on any understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public employee or candidate for public
office would be influenced thereby. 65 P.S.
403(b).
Under Section 3(b) of the Ethics Act cited above, which a
public official or employee must observe, a public official or
employee must neither offer nor accept anything of value on the
understanding or with the intention that his judgment would be
influenced thereby. It is assumed such a situation does not
exist here. This Section is referenced not to indicate that any
such activity has been or will be undertaken but in an effort to
provide a complete response to your inquiry.
The term business with which he is associated is defined
under the Ethics Act as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of
the person's immediate family is a director,
officer, owner, employee or holder of stock.
65 P.S. §402.
Based upon the above definition, it is clear that since you
are a partner with another individual as to the ownership and
operation of a mobile home park, the latter is a business with
which you are associated as that term is defined under the Ethics
Act. The Ethics Act does not per se preclude you as a public
employee from holding an outside business interests in a mobile
home park. Goodman, Opinion 88 -001. The Ethics Act would
Mr. Paul Swerdon
November 29, 1988
Page 4
however impose restrictions when your private business interests
would come before your governmental body wherein you serve as a
public employee. The restrictions which would be imposed by the
Ethics Act would be that you could not participate in matters
that would come before your governmental body from your private
business interest. Thus, although the Ethics Act would not
restrict your partner from submitting these two permits, you
could not participate or review in any fashion those permit
applications. Similarly, you could not use public office in an
attempt to secure approval of those permits. The Ethics Act
would require that you notify your supervisor in writing that the
business with which you are associated is submitting the permits
and that you will not review or participate in that process
because of your partnership in that business. With the
foregoing restrictions, your partner may then proceed to submit
the permit applications since you will have removed yourself from
the potential conflict. DeLano, Opinion 88 -008.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Sanitary Engineer IV in DER, you are a public
employee subject to the provisions of the State Ethics Act.
Under the facts and circumstances outlined above, the Ethics Act
would not prohibit your partner in a business with which you are
associated from applying for permits before DER. However, under
the Ethics Act you may not review or participate in the permit
review process and you must advise your supervisor in writing of
your non participation together with the reasons for such non
participation. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Mr. Paul Swerdon
November 29, 1988
Page 5
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J'. Dopko,
General Counsel