HomeMy WebLinkAbout85-509 IsraelSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
January 24, 1985
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Stephen Israel, Esquire 85 -509
Duffy, Israel, & Specter
1109 Grant Building
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Re: Conflict of Interest; Township Commissioner's Participation in Matters
Related to Spouse Seeking Township Office
Dear Mr. Israel:
This responds to your letter of January 15, 1985, wherein you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether there is any prohibition under the State Ethics Act that
would prevent an individual from seeking election or appointment to the office
of Township Treasurer in the township where his spouse serves as an elected
Township Commissioner.
Facts: You have requested advice as the representative of Leet Township, a
Township of the First Class. You indicate that the husband of one of the
township's five commissioners has expressed an interest in seeking election or
appointment to the office of Township Treasurer. You have also indicated that
this individual will also serve as the Township Tax Collector.
Discussion: At the outset it should be noted that the Commissioners and
Treasurer of a township are public officials within the meaning of and subject
to the provisions of the State Ethics Act. The term public official includes,
"any elected or appointed official in ... any political subdivision," except
those who receive "no compensation other than reimbursement for actual
expenses." 65 P.S. 402. The Commissioners, as well as the Treasurer, are
elected officials, 53 Pa. C.S.A. §55503, who are compensated, 53 Pa. C.S.A.
§ §55603, 55703, thereby falling within the purview of the Act. See, Opinions
81 -009, Knox; 79 -004, Nallo.
Stephen Israel
January 24, 1985
Page 2
With regard to the first issue herein presented, the Ethics Act generally
places no prohibition or restrictions on whether an individual may seek
election to a public office.
Of course, all candidates must comply with the provisions of the Act
regarding the filing of financial interest statements. 65 P.S. 404.
Additionally, the Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public official or
public employee or candidate for public office or a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public employee or
candidate for public office shall solicit or accept,
anything of value, including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future employment
based on any understanding that the vote, official action,
or judgment of the public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be influenced thereby.
65 P.S. 403(b).
These Sections of the Act are mentioned not to imply any impropriety or
suggest that the Commission believes that these provisions of law have been or
will be violated, but rather to provide a complete response to your question.
As long as the public official, (i.e. the Commissioner), does not
employ her public office, or any confidential information obtained therein, to
benefit or otherwise secure a gain for her spouse (the candidate), there would
be no prohibition under the Ethics Act to the spouse seeking election.
We turn now to the second issue regarding whether the individual seeking
the office of treasurer may be appointed to the position of Treasurer /Tax
collector. A review of the First Class Township Code reveals that any vacancy
occurring in the office of Township Treasurer may be filled by the Board of
Stephen Israel
January 24, 1985
Page 3
Township Commissioners. 53 Pa. C.S.A. §55530. The Treasurer so appointed may
also serve as Tax Collector. 53 Pa. C.S.A. §55511, 55505. In addition, it
should be noted that the salary of all elected and appointed officers of a
township, including the Treasurer, is fixed by the Board of Township
Commissioners.
As previously noted, Section 403(a) of the Ethics Act prohibits a public
official from employing said office to obtain financial gain for a member of
such persons immediate family. 65 P.S. 403(a). A "member of ones immediate
family" is defined in the Act as including a spouse residing in the same
household. 65 P.S. 402. Additionally, Section 401 of the Act sets forth the
general purpose of the Act that public officials should avoid both conflicts
of interests and the appearance of such conflicts.
In light of the foregoing facts it is clear that the Commissioner- Spouse
must abstain from any participation or voting with respect to the appointment
of her husband to any township position as well as in regard to the salary or
other compensation to be received thereafter. This result is occasioned, in
that by participating in these matters the Commissioner - Spouse would be using
her public office to obtain financial gain for her spouse. Such participation
would also be a conflict of interest or at the very least have the appearance
of such a conflict.
The Commissioner - Spouse must similarly abstain from voting and /or
participation in any review involving action which would be of interest to her
spouse. This result is in accordance with prior Commission opinions. See
Opinion 83 -012, O'Reilly.
The above restrictions may appear to preclude the Commissioner - Spouse
from acting in a significant number of substantive issues and /or decisions.
This, of course, is a detriment and represents a barrier which may necessitate
the Commissioner- Spouse's removal from many substantive decisions, You, as
solicitor, and the Commissioner - Spouse must consider this effect when you
evaluate the restrictions presented by the Ethics Act and in your efforts to
advise your clients as to how to avoid a conflict of interest or the
appearance of a conflict of interest under the Ethics Act.
Additionally, this advice only pertains to restrictions under the State
Ethics Act as the jurisdiction of the Ethics Commission does not encompass the
interpretation of other provisions of law.
Conclusion: The fact that an individual seeks election or appointment to a
public office in a township where that individual's spouse also serves as a
Township Commissioner is not, in and of itself, violative of the Ethics Act.
However, both of these individuals must also ensure that their conduct
presents neither a conflict nor the appearance of a conflict with the public
Stephen Israel
January 24, 1985
Page 4
trust as required by the Ethics Act. Thus, the Commissioner- Spouse must not
participate in the appointment of her spouse to any township position, or the
fixing of the salary, or the compensation to be received. Also the
Commissioner - Spouse must similarly, abstain from participating in decisions
involving the township where those decisions would affect or be of interest to
her spouse as Treasurer.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(ii), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance on the Advice given.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may request that the full Commission review this Advice. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion from the Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be made, in
writing, to the Commission within 15 days of service of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 2.12.
JJC /sfd
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Sincerely,
John J.
General Counsel