HomeMy WebLinkAbout17-512 ScottV�4
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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
PO. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1 -800- 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 6, 2017
To the Requester:
Mr. Mark C. Scott, Esquire
Dear Mr. Scott:
17 -512
This responds to your letter dated January 10, 2017, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ( "Commission ").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act), 65
Pa. C-S. § 1101 et se q., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual who
is preparing to conclude service as a county commissioner and who, in a private
capacity, is an attorney licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania and a Certified
Financial Planner, with regard to accepting a part-time position with: (1) an investment
advisory firm that is a provider of investment accounts for county employees
participating in the county's Section 457(b) deferred compensation plan; or (2) another
investment advisory firm.
Facts: You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted
accts, the material portion of which may be fairly summarized as follows.
You are currently a County Commissioner for Berks County ( "County "),
Pennsylvania. In a private capacity, you are an attorney licensed to practice law in
Pennsylvania and a Certified Financial Planner.
Your responsibilities as a County Commissioner include serving as a Member of
the Berks County Employee's Retirement Fund Board and a sponsor/fiduciary of the
Berks County Section 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan ('the County 457(b) Plan ").
The County 457(b) Plan allows County employees to contribute pretax earnings to
individual restricted access investment accounts provided by a plan
administratorlinvestment advisory firm.
In order to enhance the returns and ultimate value of investment accounts for
County employees participating in the County 457(b) Plan, you sought a provider of low
cost investment accounts as an option for the Count 457(b) Plan. In 2013, you met a
principal from an investment advisory firm ( "the Firm "that provides low cost investment
accounts for 457(b) plans. In 2015, the County Commissioners voted unanimously to
add the Firm as a provider for the County 457(b) Plan, and the Firm began offering
investment accounts for County employees participating in the County 457(b� Plan.
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 0 Web Site: www.ethics.state.pams 0 e -mail: ethicsastate.pa.us
Scott, 17 -512
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You are preparing to conclude your service as a County Commissioner. In the
meantime, you are considering part -time employment in some marketing capacity with
the Firm or another investment advisory firm. You state that if you would obtain such
employment, you would, as time permits, solicit business opportunities from other
counties and municipal entities over which your elective office has no authority. You
further state that you would not utilize County resources for business purposes and
would refrain from discussing or voting upon any matter that would provide you or your
employer with a pecuniary benefit from the County government or its employees. You
additionally state that you would require of your employer a written prohibition of
compensation in consideration of your past efforts to benefit County employees.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would
impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to obtaining part-time
employment with the Firm or another investment advisory firm.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
e Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Act, an opinion/advice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct. To
the extent that our inquiry relates to conduct that has already occurred, such past
conduct may not be addressed in the context of an advisory opinion. However, to the
extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may and shall be addressed.
As a County Commissioner, you are a public official subject to the provisions of
the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict,- -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
Scott, 17 -512
Nth 6, 2017
Page 3
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
pprovided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining wo members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows.
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employyee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a' business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation. The abstention requirement would not be
Scott, 17 -512
!T! al—rch 6, 2017
Page 4
limited merely to voting, but would extend to any use of authority of office including, but
not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular result.
Juliante, Order 809. Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting
conflict, Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would require the public official /public
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act restricts a former public official/ public employee
with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with which he
has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee, - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a er�son, with
promised- or actual compensation, on any matter before the
aovernmental bodv with which he has been associated Tor
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person. " A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employeeTiimself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
any activity.
However, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act may not be applied to restrict an
attorney's conduct insofar as the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has the exclusive
Scott, 17 -512
March 6, 2017
Page 5
authority to regulate such conduct. Shaulis v. Pennsylvania _S_ tate Ethics Commission,
574 Pa. 680, 833 A.2d 123 (2003).
Having established the above general principles, you are advised as follows.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you, in your private capacity,
from acce ting a part -time position with the Firm or another investment advisory firm. If
you wouldpaccept such a position, the investment advisory firm that employs you would
be considered a business with which you are associated in your capacity as an
employee, and subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict
of interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, you would have a conflict of
interest in your capacity as a County Commissioner in matters that would financially
impact you or the investment advisory firm.
As noted above, in each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required
to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 1103 0) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the
disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied
in the event of a voting
Upon termination of service as a County Commissioner, you would become a
former public official and would be subject to the restrictions of Section 1103() of the
Ethics Act to the extent your conduct would not be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. The governmental body with which you would be
deemed to have been associated upon termination of public service would include: (1)
the Board of County Commissioners; (2) the Berks County Employee's Retirement Fund
Board; and (3) all agencies, bureaus and departments under the Board of County
Commissioners but not the judiciary or the independently elected County row offices.
For the first ear following termination of your service as a County Commissioner,
Section 11039) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person"
before your former governmental body as identified above to the extent such
representation would not be subject to the exclusive Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania. Cf., Moore, Opinion 05 -008; Rapes, Advice 14 -509; Confidential Advice,
11 -570;
Jones, Marks, Advice '11 -508; Kane, Advice 10 -608; awe,
Advice 10 -547; Confidential Advice, 05 -583.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the County Code.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) you are a County
Commissioner for Berks County ( "County "), Pennsylvania; (2) in a private capacity, you
are an attorney licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania and a Certified Financial
Planner; (3) your responsibilities as a County Commissioner include serving as a
Member of the Berks County Employees Retirement Fund Board and a
sponsor /fiduciary of the Berks County Section 457(b) Deferred Compensation Plan ( "the
County 457(b) Plan "); (4) the County 457(b) Plan allows County employees to
contribute pre -tax earnings to individual restricted access investment accounts provided
by a plan administrator /investment advisory firm; (5) in order to enhance the returns and
ultimate value of investment accounts for County employees participating in the County
457(b) Plan, you sought a provider of low cost investment accounts as an option for the
County 457(b) Plan; (6) in 2013, you met a principal from an investment advisory firm
( "the Firm ") that provides low cost investment accounts for 457(b) plans; (7) in 2015, the
County Commissioners voted unanimously to add the Firm as a provider for the County
457(b) Plan, and the Firm began offering investment accounts for County employees
participating in the County 457(b) Plan; (8) you are preparing to conclude service as a
Scott, 17 -512
Mach 6, 2017
Page 6
County Commissioner, and in the meantime, you are considering part -time employment
in some marketing capacity with the Firm or another investment advisory firm; (9) if you
would obtain such employment, you would, as time permits, solicit business
opportunities from other counties and municipal entities over which your elective office
has no authority; (10) you would not utilize County resources for business purposes and
would refrain from discussing or voting upon any matter that would provide you or your
em layer with a pecuniary benefit from the County government or its employees; and
(11 you would require of your employer a written prohibition of compensation to
consideration of your past efforts to benefit County employees, you are advised as
follows.
As a Count Commissioner, you are a public official subject to the provisions of
the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (`Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 11101 et seg.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you, in your private capacity, from
accepting a part -time position with the Firm or another investment advisory firm. If you
would accept such a position, the investment advisory firm that employs you would be
considered a business with which you are associated in your capacity as an employee,
and subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, you would have a conflict of
interest in your capacity as a County Commissioner in matters that would financially
impact you or the investment advisory firm. In each instance of a conflict of interest,
you would be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless
one of the statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 1'103{1) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Upon termination of service as a County Commissioner, you would become a
former public official and would be subject to the restrictions of Section 11030 of the
Ethics Act to the extent your conduct would not be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. The governmental body with which you would be
deemed to have been associated upon termination of public service would include: (1)
the Board of County Commissioners; (2) the Berks County Employee's Retirement Fund
Board; and (3) all agencies, bureaus and departments under the Board of County
Commissioners but not the judiciary or the independently elected County row offices.
For the first ear following termination of your service as a County Commissioner,
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person"
before your former governmental body as identified above to the extent such
representation would not be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally,. if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Scott, 17 -512
Bch 6, 2017
Page 7
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be actual!
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date o this
Advice pursuant to 59 Pa. Code § 93.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (797 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
t
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel