HomeMy WebLinkAbout14-519 Frack
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 14, 2014
Bruce Frack, Vice Chairman
Allen Township Supervisors
4714 Indian Trail Road
Northampton, PA 18067-9492
14-519
Dear Mr. Frack:
This responds to your letter dated March 17, 2014, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon a member and
vice chairman of a township board of supervisors, who is also an employee of an airport
authority, with regard to voting on a subdivision plan, a land development plan, or other
matters involving property owned by the airport authority.
Facts:
As a Member and Vice Chairman of the Board of Supervisors (“Board of
Supervisors”) of Allen Township (“Township”), located in Northampton County,
Pennsylvania, you request an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
The Township is governed by a five-Member Board of Supervisors.
Approximately three months ago, the Township received applications for a subdivision
plan (“Subdivision Plan”) and a land development plan (“Land Development Plan”) for a
portion of property owned by the Lehigh Northampton Airport Authority (“Authority”). A
master development agreement exists between the Authority and Rockefeller
Development Group which outlines terms governing the disposition of certain property
currently owned by the Authority. The Subdivision Plan and the Land Development
Plan are currently under review by the Allen Township Planning Commission.
You have been employed in the position of Superintendent of Maintenance for
the Authority since 1983. You state that it has been brought to your attention that a
conflict of interest might exist if you would be required to vote on subdivision plans, land
development plans, or issues regarding property currently owned by the Authority.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you pose the following questions:
Frack, 14-519
May 14, 2014
Page 2
(1) Whether you would be permitted to vote on the Subdivision Plan, the Land
Development Plan, or other matter(s) involving the subdivision and land
development of property owned by the Authority; and
(2) If you would have a conflict of interest under the Ethics Act, whether you
would be permitted to vote to break a 2-2 tie vote of the other four
Township Supervisors on the Subdivision Plan or the Land Development
Plan provided that you would disclose your employment with the Authority.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Member and Vice Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, you are a public
official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a)Conflict of interest.--
No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j)Voting conflict.--
Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three-member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
Frack, 14-519
May 14, 2014
Page 3
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest."
Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business."
Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self-employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
"Political subdivision."
Any county, city, borough,
incorporated town, township, school district, vocational
school, county institution district, and any authority, entity or
body organized by the aforementioned.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
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May 14, 2014
Page 4
Having established the above general principles, your specific questions shall
now be considered.
In response to your first question, you are advised as follows.
Since the Authority is a “political subdivision” and not a “business” as defined by
the Ethics Act, you would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act in matters before the Board of Supervisors that would financially impact the
Authority but that would not financially impact you, a member of your immediate family,
or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated. A
pecuniary benefit flowing solely to a governmental entity such as the Authority would not
form the basis for a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. See,
Confidential Opinion, 01-005; McCarrier/Anderson, Opinion 98-008; Warso, Order 974.
You are advised that absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private
pecuniary benefit to you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which
you or a member of your immediate family is associated, you would not have a conflict
of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in voting as a Township Supervisor
on the Subdivision Plan, the Land Development Plan, or other matter(s) involving the
subdivision and land development of property owned by the Authority.
In response to your second question, you are advised that because the Board of
Supervisors is comprised of five Members, the exception in Section 1103(j) of the Ethics
Act for breaking a tie vote despite a conflict of interest would not permit you to vote to
break a 2-2 tie vote of the other four Township Supervisors where you would have a
conflict of interest because such exception is available exclusively to members of three
member governing bodies who first abstain and disclose their conflicts as required by
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. See, Pavlovic, Opinion 02-005.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Second Class Township Code.
Conclusion:
As a Member and Vice Chairman of the Board of Supervisors
(“Board of Supervisors”) of Allen Township (“Township”), located in Northampton
County, Pennsylvania, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Based upon
the submitted facts that: (1) the Township is governed by a five-Member Board of
Supervisors; (2) approximately three months ago, the Township received applications
for a subdivision plan (“Subdivision Plan”) and a land development plan (“Land
Development Plan”) for a portion of property owned by the Lehigh Northampton Airport
Authority (“Authority”); (3) a master development agreement exists between the
Authority and Rockefeller Development Group which outlines terms governing the
disposition of certain property currently owned by the Authority; (4) the Subdivision Plan
and the Land Development Plan are currently under review by the Allen Township
Planning Commission; and (5) you have been employed in the position of
Superintendent of Maintenance for the Authority since 1983, you are advised as follows.
Since the Authority is a “political subdivision” and not a “business” as defined by
the Ethics Act, you would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act in matters before the Board of Supervisors that would financially impact the
Authority but that would not financially impact you, a member of your immediate family,
or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated. A
pecuniary benefit flowing solely to a governmental entity such as the Authority would not
form the basis for a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Absent
some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to you, a
Frack, 14-519
May 14, 2014
Page 5
member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your
immediate family is associated, you would not have a conflict of interest under Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act in voting as a Township Supervisor on the Subdivision Plan,
the Land Development Plan, or other matter(s) involving the subdivision and land
development of property owned by the Authority. Because the Board of Supervisors is
comprised of five Members, the exception in Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act for
breaking a tie vote despite a conflict of interest would not permit you to vote to break a
2-2 tie vote of the other four Township Supervisors where you would have a conflict of
interest because such exception is available exclusively to members of three member
governing bodies who first abstain and disclose their conflicts as required by Section
1103(j) of the Ethics Act. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such
.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel