HomeMy WebLinkAbout13-584 Naugle
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 6, 2013
Susan Naugle
650 Red Patch Avenue
Gettysburg, PA 17325
13-584
Dear Ms. Naugle:
This responds to your letter dated November 6, 2013, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual who
is serving as both a borough council member and a member of a municipal authority
board with regard to: (1) voting in either or both of her aforesaid capacities on an issue
that would be before both the borough council and the municipal authority board; or (2)
voting as a borough council member on appointments or reappointments of authority
board members.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission
based upon submitted facts, the material portion of which may be fairly summarized as
follows.
You are a Member of Council for Gettysburg Borough (“Borough”). You are also
a Member of the Board of the Gettysburg Municipal Authority (“Authority”), which was
created by the Borough. You were appointed to the Authority Board by Borough
Council for a term which began in January 2013.
You state that you may find yourself in a position to vote on an issue that would
be before both Borough Council and the Authority Board. Such an issue may include
votes by both entities pertaining to Borough-guaranteed borrowing by the Authority to
fund Authority projects or votes by both entities regarding an agreement between the
two entities to address relationship, interaction, and cooperative efforts.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you pose the following questions:
(1) Whether you would have a conflict of interest with regard to voting in your
capacity as a Borough Council Member and/or in your capacity as an
Authority Board Member on an issue that would be before both Borough
Council and the Authority Board; and
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December 6, 2013
Page 2
(2) Whether you should recuse yourself from voting as a Borough Council
Member on appointments or reappointments of Authority Board Members.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
In each of your positions as a Borough Council Member and an Authority Board
Member, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a)Conflict of interest.--
No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j)Voting conflict.--
Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three-member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest."
Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
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December 6, 2013
Page 3
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(b), (c),
provide in part that no person shall offer or give to a public official/public employee
anything of monetary value and no public official/public employee shall solicit or accept
anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official action,
or judgment of the public official/public employee would be influenced thereby.
Having established the above general principles, your specific questions shall
now be considered.
In response to your first question, you are advised as follows.
You would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act:
(1) in your capacity as a Borough Council Member in matters that would financially
impact the Authority but that would not financially impact you, a member of your
immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is
associated; or (2) in your capacity as an Authority Board Member in matters that would
financially impact the Borough but that would not financially impact you, a member of
your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate
family is associated. A pecuniary benefit flowing solely to a governmental entity--such
as the Borough or the Authority--would not form the basis for a conflict of interest under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. See, Confidential Opinion, 01-005;
McCarrier/Anderson, Opinion 98-008; Warso, Order 974.
Naugle, 13-584
December 6, 2013
Page 4
Therefore, absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private
pecuniary benefit to you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which
you or a member of your immediate family is associated, you would not have a conflict
of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in voting as a Borough Council
Member on issue(s) that would involve the Authority and/or in voting as an Authority
Board Member on issue(s) that would involve the Borough.
In response to your second question, you are advised that absent a private
pecuniary benefit contrary to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act or an improper
understanding contrary to Section 1103(b) or Section 1103(c) of the Ethics Act, the
Ethics Act would not prohibit you from voting on appointments or reappointments of
Authority Board Members. Generally, you would have a conflict of interest pursuant to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act as to your own appointment/reappointment to a
compensated position. This advisory does not address whether, pursuant to the
Borough Code, a borough council member serving on a municipal authority created by
the borough may be compensated for such service. See, 53 P.S. § 46104(a); Cf.,
Trzcianka, Advice 08-542 at 4-5.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Borough Code or the Municipality Authorities Act.
Conclusion:
Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) you are a Member of
Council for Gettysburg Borough (“Borough”); (2) you are also a Member of the Board of
the Gettysburg Municipal Authority (“Authority”), which was created by the Borough; (3)
you were appointed to the Authority Board by Borough Council for a term which began
in January 2013; (4) you may find yourself in a position to vote on an issue that would
be before both Borough Council and the Authority Board; and (5) such an issue may
include votes by both entities pertaining to Borough-guaranteed borrowing by the
Authority to fund Authority projects or votes by both entities regarding an agreement
between the two entities to address relationship, interaction, and cooperative efforts,
you are advised as follows.
In each of your positions as a Borough Council Member and an Authority Board
Member, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. You would not have a
conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act: (1) in your capacity as a
Borough Council Member in matters that would financially impact the Authority but that
would not financially impact you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with
which you or a member of your immediate family is associated; or (2) in your capacity
as an Authority Board Member in matters that would financially impact the Borough but
that would not financially impact you, a member of your immediate family, or a business
with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated.
Absent some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to
you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of
your immediate family is associated, you would not have a conflict of interest under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in voting as a Borough Council Member on issue(s)
that would involve the Authority and/or in voting as an Authority Board Member on
issue(s) that would involve the Borough. Absent a private pecuniary benefit contrary to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act or an improper understanding contrary to Section
1103(b) or Section 1103(c) of the Ethics Act, the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
voting on appointments or reappointments of Authority Board Members. Generally, you
would have a conflict of interest pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act as to your
own appointment/reappointment to a compensated position. This advisory does not
Naugle, 13-584
December 6, 2013
Page 5
address whether, pursuant to the Borough Code, a borough council member serving on
a municipal authority created by the borough may be compensated for such service.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such
.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel