HomeMy WebLinkAbout11-538 Klotz
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 29, 2011
Richard O. Klotz
Borough Manager
Borough of Bath
215 East Main Street
Bath, PA 18014
11-538
Dear Mr. Klotz:
This responds to your letters dated April 28, 2011, and May 6, 2011, by which
you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue:
Whether, pursuant to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics
Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., a borough council member who resides in the
borough’s historic district may simultaneously serve on the borough’s Historical
Architectural Review Board.
Facts:
You have been authorized by Carol Baer-Heckman (“Ms. Baer-
Heckman”), a Member of Council for the Borough of Bath (“Borough”), to request an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission on her behalf. You have
submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
Ms. Baer-Heckman currently resides in the Bath Historic District (“Historic
District”). Ms. Baer-Heckman would like to serve on the Borough’s Historical
Architectural Review Board (“HARB”). You state that HARB is an advisory board that
only makes recommendations to Borough Council for final action by Borough Council.
Appointments to HARB are approved by Borough Council. You have submitted a copy
of the “Bath Borough Historic District Ordinance,” which sets forth powers and duties of
HARB.
You request an advisory as to whether Ms. Baer-Heckman may simultaneously
serve as a Borough Council Member and Member of HARB. You state that Ms. Baer-
Heckman would abstain from voting on her own appointment to HARB. You further
state that Ms. Baer-Heckman would abstain on issues as to her own individual property.
You note that rules, regulations, size of the Historic District and permitted colors affect
the entire district as well as individual property(ies).
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
Klotz, 11-538
June 29, 2011
Page 2
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initially noted that this advisory is limited to addressing the sole
question posed regarding simultaneous service. This advisory does not determine
whether, as a Member of HARB, Ms. Baer-Heckman would be a public official subject to
the Ethics Act or would have a conflict of interest in various matter(s) affecting the
Historic District. You have not posed such questions. Additionally, the analysis of such
questions would require the submission of additional facts.
As a Borough Council Member, Ms. Baer-Heckman is a public official as that
term is defined in the Ethics Act, and therefore she is subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act. Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a)Conflict of interest.--
No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j)Voting conflict.--
Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three-member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest."
Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
Klotz, 11-538
June 29, 2011
Page 3
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the question of simultaneous
service, it is initially noted that the General Assembly has the constitutional power to
declare by law which offices are incompatible. Pa. Const. Art. 6, §2. Although the State
Ethics Commission does not have the express statutory jurisdiction to interpret such
other laws, it may review them to determine whether a conflict of interest exists under
the Ethics Act based upon a statutory incompatibility. Corcoran, Opinion 08-003.
Additionally, where simultaneous service would place the public official/public
employee in a continual state of conflict, such as where in one position he would be
accounting to himself in another position on a continual basis, there would be an
inherent conflict. (See, McCain, Opinion 02-009). Where an inherent conflict would
exist, it would appear to be impossible, as a practical matter, for the public official/public
employee to function in the conflicting positions without running afoul of Section
1103(a).
Absent a statutorily-declared incompatibility or an inherent conflict under Section
1103(a), the Ethics Act would not preclude an individual from simultaneously serving in
more than one position. However, in each instance of a conflict of interest, the
individual would be required to abstain, and in each instance of a voting conflict, to
abstain and satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) as set forth above.
In this case, based upon the facts that have been submitted, there does not
appear to be any statutorily-declared incompatibility or inherent conflict precluding Ms.
Baer-Heckman ’s proposed simultaneous service as a Borough Council Member and
HARB Member. Consequently, such simultaneous service would be permitted within
the parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Section 46104 of the Borough Code provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
§ 46104. Appointments; incompatible offices
Unless there is incompatibility in fact, any elective or
appointive officer of the borough shall be eligible to serve on
any board, commission, bureau or other agency created by
or for the borough, or any borough office created or
authorized by statute and may accept appointments
thereunder, but no mayor or member of council shall receive
compensation therefor. No elected borough official of a
borough with a population of 3,000 or more may serve as an
employe of that borough…. Nothing herein contained shall
affect the eligibility of any borough official to hold any other
public office or receive compensation therefor….
Klotz, 11-538
June 29, 2011
Page 4
53 P.S. § 46104 (Emphasis added).
On its face, Section 46104 of the Borough Code prohibits a borough council
member from receiving compensation for serving on any board, commission, bureau or
other agency created by or for the borough. The submitted facts do not indicate
whether Ms. Baer-Heckman would receive compensation as a HARB Member.
Therefore, you are advised that to the extent the Borough Code would prohibit Ms.
Baer-Heckman from receiving compensation as a HARB Member while serving as a
Borough Council Member, receipt of such unauthorized compensation would constitute
a private pecuniary benefit and would transgress Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act to
the extent the remaining element of a use of authority of office would occur . See,
Confidential Opinion, 03-003.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion:
As a Member of Council for the Borough of Bath (“Borough”), Carol
Baer-Heckman (“Ms. Baer-Heckman”) is a public official subject to the provisions of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq.
Subject to the restrictions, conditions and qualifications set forth above, Ms. Baer-
Heckman may, consistent with Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, simultaneously serve
as a Member of Borough Council and as a Member of the Borough’s Historical
Architectural Review Board. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such
.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel